Chapter 11: Problem 23
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds: a. toluene b. 1,3 -dichlorobenzene c. 4 -ethyltoluene
Short Answer
Expert verified
a. C6H5CH3, b. C6H4Cl2, c. C6H4(CH3)(CH2CH3)
Step by step solution
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
toluene structure
Toluene is an important organic compound often used in chemistry and industry. It’s a benzene derivative where one of the hydrogen atoms attached to the benzene ring is replaced with a methyl group (-CH3).
This substitution gives toluene its unique properties.
To understand toluene’s structure, start with the benzene ring. The benzene ring consists of six carbon atoms arranged in a hexagon with alternating double bonds. This hexagonal structure is very stable.
Adding a methyl group does not significantly disturb this stability. The condensed structural formula for toluene is written as C6H5CH3, where the C6H5 represents the benzene ring and the CH3 represents the methyl group attached to it.
This substitution gives toluene its unique properties.
To understand toluene’s structure, start with the benzene ring. The benzene ring consists of six carbon atoms arranged in a hexagon with alternating double bonds. This hexagonal structure is very stable.
Adding a methyl group does not significantly disturb this stability. The condensed structural formula for toluene is written as C6H5CH3, where the C6H5 represents the benzene ring and the CH3 represents the methyl group attached to it.
1,3-dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is another derivative of benzene but with two chlorine atoms attached to it. These chlorine atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring.
The '1,3' designation indicates the position of these chlorine atoms.
In 1,3-dichlorobenzene, the chlorine atoms are located on the first and the third carbon atoms of the benzene ring. This pattern gives us the information needed to draw its condensed structural formula.
The condensed structural formula for 1,3-dichlorobenzene is C6H4Cl2. Here, C6H4 represents the benzene ring with two hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine (Cl) atoms.
The '1,3' designation indicates the position of these chlorine atoms.
In 1,3-dichlorobenzene, the chlorine atoms are located on the first and the third carbon atoms of the benzene ring. This pattern gives us the information needed to draw its condensed structural formula.
The condensed structural formula for 1,3-dichlorobenzene is C6H4Cl2. Here, C6H4 represents the benzene ring with two hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine (Cl) atoms.
4-ethyltoluene
4-Ethyltoluene is a bit more complex since it has two different groups attached to the benzene ring. These are an ethyl group (-CH2CH3) at the fourth position and a methyl group (-CH3).
This type of compound is named using the parent structure (which is toluene in this case), and then specifying the positions and identities of the substituent groups.
For 4-ethyltoluene, the methyl group stays at the standard position (attached directly to the benzene ring as in toluene), and the ethyl group is on the fourth carbon of the ring.
The condensed structural formula is C6H4(CH3)(CH2CH3). This means a benzene ring (C6H4) with a -CH3 and a -CH2CH3 group attached to it.
This type of compound is named using the parent structure (which is toluene in this case), and then specifying the positions and identities of the substituent groups.
For 4-ethyltoluene, the methyl group stays at the standard position (attached directly to the benzene ring as in toluene), and the ethyl group is on the fourth carbon of the ring.
The condensed structural formula is C6H4(CH3)(CH2CH3). This means a benzene ring (C6H4) with a -CH3 and a -CH2CH3 group attached to it.
benzene derivatives
Benzene derivatives are compounds that come from benzene by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with various substituent groups.
Understanding these derivatives is essential in organic chemistry as they form the basis of many chemical reactions and properties.
Examples of benzene derivatives include toluene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, and 4-ethyltoluene. Each derivative retains the core structure of the benzene ring but has different groups attached to it.
These substitutions modify the physical and chemical properties of the resulting compound, making benzene derivatives diverse and versatile in both chemical behavior and applications.
Understanding these derivatives is essential in organic chemistry as they form the basis of many chemical reactions and properties.
Examples of benzene derivatives include toluene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, and 4-ethyltoluene. Each derivative retains the core structure of the benzene ring but has different groups attached to it.
These substitutions modify the physical and chemical properties of the resulting compound, making benzene derivatives diverse and versatile in both chemical behavior and applications.
- Toluene has a methyl group.
- 1,3-Dichlorobenzene has two chlorine atoms.
- 4-Ethyltoluene has a methyl and an ethyl group.
