Chapter 10: Problem 24
Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each of the following compounds: a. hexane b. cyclopentane, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10}\) c. 2 -methylbutane
Short Answer
Expert verified
2C_6 H_{14} + 19O_2 \rightarrow 12CO_2 + 14H_2O; 2C_5 H_{10} + 15O_2 \rightarrow 10CO_2 + 10H_2O; C_5 H_{12} + 8O_2 \rightarrow 5CO_2 + 6H_2O.
Step by step solution
01
Identify the General Combustion Reaction
The general formula for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon is: \[ \text{Hydrocarbon} + \text{Oxygen} \rightarrow \text{Carbon Dioxide} + \text{Water} \]
02
Write the Formula for Hexane
Hexane is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula \(\text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14}\). For complete combustion, the reaction is: \[ \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
03
Balance the Hexane Combustion Equation
Balance the atoms in the equation: \[ \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + 9.5 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 7 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]Since fractional coefficients are not preferred, multiply the entire equation by 2:\[ 2 \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + 19 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 12 \text{CO}_2 + 14 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
04
Write the Formula for Cyclopentane
Cyclopentane has the chemical formula \(\text{C}_5 \text{H}_{10}\). The reaction for its complete combustion is: \[ \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{10} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
05
Balance the Cyclopentane Combustion Equation
Balance the atoms in the equation: \[ \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{10} + 7.5 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 5 \text{CO}_2 + 5 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]Multiplying the entire equation by 2, we get:\[ 2 \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{10} + 15 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 10 \text{CO}_2 + 10 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
06
Write the Formula for 2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutane has the chemical formula \(\text{C}_5 \text{H}_{12}\). The reaction for its complete combustion is: \[ \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{12} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
07
Balance the 2-Methylbutane Combustion Equation
Balance the atoms in the equation: \[ \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{12} + 8 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 5 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Balancing Chemical Equations
To understand combustion reactions, it is crucial to balance chemical equations. This ensures that the same number of each type of atom is present on both sides of the equation.
Balancing chemical equations involves:
\[ \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + 9.5\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 7\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
It is common to multiply the equation by 2 to get whole numbers: \[ 2 \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + 19 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 12 \text{CO}_2 + 14 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Practice more to master balancing equations!
Balancing chemical equations involves:
- Identifying the reactants and products
- Writing their formulas correctly
- Using coefficients in front of formulas to ensure equal numbers of atoms
\[ \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + 9.5\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 7\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
It is common to multiply the equation by 2 to get whole numbers: \[ 2 \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + 19 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 12 \text{CO}_2 + 14 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Practice more to master balancing equations!
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made up entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are classified based on the types of bonds between carbon atoms.
Examples include:
\[ \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} \rightarrow \text{Hexane} \]
\[ \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{10} \rightarrow \text{Cyclopentane} \]
\[ \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{12} \rightarrow \text{2-Methylbutane} \]
Understanding their formulae is vital for predicting and balancing their combustion reactions.
Examples include:
- Alkanes (single bonds): methane, hexane
- Cycloalkanes (ring structures): cyclopentane
- Branched alkanes: 2-methylbutane
\[ \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} \rightarrow \text{Hexane} \]
\[ \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{10} \rightarrow \text{Cyclopentane} \]
\[ \text{C}_5 \text{H}_{12} \rightarrow \text{2-Methylbutane} \]
Understanding their formulae is vital for predicting and balancing their combustion reactions.
Complete Combustion
Complete combustion involves burning a hydrocarbon in excess oxygen, resulting in carbon dioxide and water. This process releases energy and is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry.
The general equation for complete combustion is: \[ \text{Hydrocarbon} + \text{Oxygen} \rightarrow \text{Carbon Dioxide} + \text{Water} \] For instance, in hexane: \[ \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + 19\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 12\text{CO}_2 + 14\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Complete combustion is efficient because it fully converts fuel into end products, producing more energy compared to incomplete combustion which forms soot and carbon monoxide.
The general equation for complete combustion is: \[ \text{Hydrocarbon} + \text{Oxygen} \rightarrow \text{Carbon Dioxide} + \text{Water} \] For instance, in hexane: \[ \text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14} + 19\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 12\text{CO}_2 + 14\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Complete combustion is efficient because it fully converts fuel into end products, producing more energy compared to incomplete combustion which forms soot and carbon monoxide.
Hexane Combustion
Hexane (\text{C}_6 \text{H}_{14}) is an alkane containing six carbon atoms. In a complete combustion reaction:
Start by balancing carbons, then hydrogens, and finally oxygens. Remember that the number of atoms on each side of the equation must match.
In real-life applications, hexane combustion is utilized in industries for energy production.
- Reactants: Hexane and oxygen
- Products: Carbon dioxide and water
Start by balancing carbons, then hydrogens, and finally oxygens. Remember that the number of atoms on each side of the equation must match.
In real-life applications, hexane combustion is utilized in industries for energy production.
Cyclopentane Combustion
Cyclopentane (\text{C}_5 \text{H}_{10}) is a cyclic alkane with a five-carbon ring. During its complete combustion:
This involves balancing the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms to ensure the equation is correct.
Cyclopentane is often used as a solvent and in the production of resins and synthetic rubber, making combustion analysis significant for safety and efficiency.
- Reactants: Cyclopentane and oxygen
- Products: Carbon dioxide and water
This involves balancing the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms to ensure the equation is correct.
Cyclopentane is often used as a solvent and in the production of resins and synthetic rubber, making combustion analysis significant for safety and efficiency.
2-Methylbutane Combustion
2-Methylbutane (\text{C}_5 \text{H}_{12}) is a branched hydrocarbon. It undergoes complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Ensuring each type of atom balances is vital.
2-Methylbutane is commonly found in gasoline, so studying its combustion helps optimize fuel efficiency and emissions in engines.
- Reactants: 2-Methylbutane and oxygen
- Products: Carbon dioxide and water
Ensuring each type of atom balances is vital.
2-Methylbutane is commonly found in gasoline, so studying its combustion helps optimize fuel efficiency and emissions in engines.