Question

What structural features do all the resonance forms of a molecule or ion have in common?

Short answer

Answer: The common structural features in all resonance forms of a molecule or ion include the same molecular or ionic charge, the same arrangement of atoms (positions), and the same total number of valence electrons.

Step-by-step solution

Understand Resonance

Resonance is a concept in chemistry that describes the delocalization of electrons within molecules. In simple terms, it means that electrons are not confined to a single bond or atom but are spread over multiple atoms. This results in multiple structures (resonance structures) that represent the same molecule or ion. However, none of these structures perfectly describes the actual compound; instead, they're all used as approximations to better understand the compound's structure and properties.

Identify Common Features

Although multiple resonance structures can be drawn for a particular molecule or ion, they all share certain features, such as: 1. The overall molecular or ionic charge: All resonance structures have the same charge as the original molecule or ion. 2. Same atomic positions: The atoms within the molecule or ion are in the same positions in each resonance structure. Only the electron distribution (bonding) changes. 3. Electron count: The total number of valence electrons in each resonance form is the same. In conclusion, when considering all resonance forms of a molecule or ion, they will always have the same molecular or ionic charge, the same arrangement of atoms (positions), and the same total number of valence electrons. These features are common among all resonance structures and are essential in analyzing the compound's properties and chemical reactivity.