Question

What is meant by standard temperature and pressure (STP)? What is the volume of one mole of an ideal gas at STP?

Short answer

Answer: At STP, the volume of one mole of an ideal gas is approximately 22.41 liters.

Step-by-step solution

Definition of STP

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) is a reference condition used in various scientific calculations. It is set at 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure.

Ideal Gas Law

To find the volume of one mole of an ideal gas at STP, we will use the Ideal Gas Law, which is given by: PV = nRT Where: P = Pressure (in atm) V = Volume (in liters) n = Number of moles R = Ideal Gas Constant (its value is approximately 0.08206 L atm/mol K) T = Temperature (in Kelvin)

Given Conditions at STP

From the definition of STP, we now know the pressure and temperature: P = 1 atm T = 273.15 K Since we are asked to find the volume of one mole of an ideal gas, we can also set n=1.

Volume Calculation

We can now rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for V: V = nRT/P Plug in the given values for n, R, T, and P: V = (1 mol)(0.08206 L atm/mol K)(273.15 K) / (1 atm) After calculating the result, we get: V ≈ 22.41 L

Summary

STP is defined as a reference condition where the temperature is 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin), and the pressure is 1 atmosphere. At STP, the volume of one mole of an ideal gas is approximately 22.41 liters.

Key concepts

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Standard Temperature and Pressure, commonly referred to as STP, is a reference point used in many scientific calculations involving gases. Understanding this concept is crucial, as it sets the conditions under which gas volumes and other properties are often measured. At STP, the temperature is set to 0 degrees Celsius, which is equivalent to 273.15 Kelvin. The pressure is at 1 atmosphere (atm).

These conditions provide a standard to compare how gases will behave under typical or similar settings defined by these parameters. By using STP, chemists and scientists ensure consistency in their experimental data and calculations regarding gases. Whenever you see an exercise or problem regarding gases, understanding whether STP applies is essential for accurate calculations.

Mole of Gas

A mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents a specific quantity of particles, typically atoms or molecules. When dealing with gases, particularly under STP conditions, the mole concept becomes rather straightforward.

One mole corresponds approximately to 6.022 x 10^{23} particles – a number known as Avogadro's number. Under STP, one mole of an ideal gas occupies a predictable amount of space, which is a key point for understanding gas behavior.

• 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP will occupy approximately 22.41 liters.
• This measurement helps chemists predict how much space a certain amount of gas will take in a reaction or process.

When working with gases, always ensure to relate the mole concept correctly to the calculations to keep the numbers and outcomes accurate.

Gas Volume

In studying gases, understanding how to calculate and predict gas volume is crucial. At the heart of this is the Ideal Gas Law, a simple yet powerful equation that links a gas's pressure, volume, temperature, and quantity.

Using the equation:\[PV = nRT\]where:

• \(P\) represents pressure in atmospheres (atm),
• \(V\) is the volume in liters (L),
• \(n\) is the number of moles,
• \(R\) is the Ideal Gas Constant,
• \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin (K).

By rearranging this formula to solve for volume, \(V\), understanding how volumes change with varying conditions is simplified. At STP, knowing the values for \(P\), \(n\), and \(T\), you can calculate that one mole of gas occupies around 22.41 liters. This relationship exemplifies how important volume considerations are when discussing gases.

Gas Constant

The gas constant, often represented as \(R\), is a key component of the Ideal Gas Law equation and is pivotal for understanding gas behaviors. The value of \(R\) is approximately 0.08206 L atm/mol K. This constant allows the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the quantity of gas to be quantified and understood under varying circumstances.

\(R\) essentially serves as a unifying factor across different gaseous calculations, ensuring consistency in results. Using this constant in the Ideal Gas Law enables predictions and calculations about gas volumes under set conditions, like STP, to be accurate and reliable. Always ensure \(R\) is in the correct units for your calculations to maintain this reliability. Whether you are measuring gases in a laboratory or solving a textbook problem, \(R\) maintains the bridge between theory and practical measurement.