Chapter 21: Problem 30
Cumene is the starting material for the industrial production of acetone and phenol. The structure of cumene is Give the systematic name for cumene.
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Part of a certain DNA sequence is G-G-T-C-T-A-T-A-C. What is the complementary sequence?
In glycine, the carboxylic acid group has \(K_{\mathrm{a}}=4.3 \times 10^{-3}\) and the amino group has \(K_{b}=6.0 \times 10^{-5} .\) Use these equilibrium constant values to calculate the cquilibrium constants for the following. a. \(^{+} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\) b. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}+\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) c. \(\mathbf{H}_{3} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H} \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}\)
Name all the aldehydes and ketones that have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\)
Marathon Problems. These problems are designed to incorporate several concepts and techniques into one situation. For each of the following, fill in the blank with the correct response. All of these fill-in-the-blank problems pertain to material covered in the sections on alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon derivatives. a. The first "organic" compound to be synthesized in the laboratory, rather than being isolated from nature, was _____________which was prepared from____________. b. An organic compound whose carbon-carbon bonds are all single bonds is said to be______. c. The general orientation of the four pairs of electrons around the carbon atoms in alkanes is_______. d. Alkanes in which the carbon atoms form a single unbranched chain are said to be_______alkanes. e. Structural isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same number of each type of atom but exhibit different arrangements of the_______between those atoms. f. The systematic names of all saturated hydrocarbons have the ending_______ added to a root name that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. g. For a branched hydrocarbon, the root name for the hydrocarbon comes from the number of carbon atoms in the _________continuous chain in the molecule. h. The positions of substituents along the hydrocarbon framework of a molecule are indicated by the ________of the carbon atom to which the substituents are attached. i. The major use of alkanes has been in_______reactions,as a source of heat and light. J. With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo _______reactions, whereby a new atom replaces one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane. k. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid, complete ______ reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the carbon atoms of the double or triple bond. 1\. Unsaturated fats may be converted to saturated fats by the process of ________ m. Benzene is the parent member of the group of hydrocarbons called ________ hydrocarbons. n. An atom or group of atoms that imparts new and characteristic properties to an organic molecule is called a ___________ group. 0.4 _________alcohol is one in which there is only one hydrocarbon group attached to the carbon atom holding the hydroxyl group. p. The simplest alcohol, methanol, is prepared industrially by the hydrogenation of ________ q. Ethanol is commonly prepared by the __________of certain sugars by yeast. r. Both aldehydes and ketones contain the _______group but they differ in where this group occurs along the hydrocarbon chain. s. Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by _______ of the corresponding alcohol. t. Organic acids, which contain the __________ group, are typically weak acids. u. The typically sweet-smelling compounds called ____________ result from the condensation reaction of an organic acid with an___________.
Draw all structural and geometrical (cis-trans) isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{F}\). Ignore any cyclic isomers.
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