Problem 1
How many protons are found in \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C} ?^{13} \mathrm{C} ?^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) ?
Problem 2
How many neutrons are found in \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C}\) ? \({ }^{13} \mathrm{C} ?^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) ?
Problem 3
How many electrons are found in \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C} ?^{13} \mathrm{C} ?{ }^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) ?
Problem 8
In terms of the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons: a) Why does the notation \({ }^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) have a negative sign in the upper right hand corner? b) What feature distinguishes a neutral atom from an ion? c) Provide an expression for calculating the charge on an ion.
Problem 9
Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in one \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}^{+}\) ion. Explain how you found your answer.
Problem 10
What structural feature is different in isotopes of a particular element?
Problem 11
How is the mass number, A, (left-hand superscript next to the atomic symbol as shown in the Model) determined (from the structure of the atom)?
