Question

Write the balanced formula equation for the acid-base reactions that occur when the following are mixed. a. potassium hydroxide (aqueous) and nitric acid b. barium hydroxide (aqueous) and hydrochloric acid c. perchloric acid \(\left[\mathrm{HClO}_{4}(a q)\right]\) and solid iron(III) hydroxide d. solid silver hydroxide and hydrobromic acid e. aqueous strontium hydroxide and hydroiodic acid

Short answer

a. \(KOH (aq) + HNO3 (aq) \rightarrow H2O (l) + KNO3 (aq)\) b. \(Ba(OH)2 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) \rightarrow 2 H2O (l) + BaCl2 (aq)\) c. \(3 HClO4 (aq) + Fe(OH)3 (s) \rightarrow 3 H2O (l) + Fe(ClO4)3 (aq)\) d. \(AgOH (s) + HBr (aq) \rightarrow H2O (l) + AgBr (s)\) e. \(Sr(OH)2 (aq) + 2 HI (aq) \rightarrow 2 H2O (l) + SrI2 (aq)\)

Step-by-step solution

a. Potassium hydroxide and nitric acid

For this reaction, the reactants are potassium hydroxide (KOH) and nitric acid (HNO3). In an acid-base reaction, the hydrogen (H+) from the acid will combine with the hydroxide (OH-) from the base to form water (H2O). The remaining ions will form a salt. In this case, the salt will be potassium nitrate (KNO3). So, we have: KOH (aq) + HNO3 (aq) → H2O (l) + KNO3 (aq) The equation is already balanced.

b. Barium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid

For this reaction, the reactants are barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The acid-base reaction will produce water (H2O) and the salt barium chloride (BaCl2). The balanced equation is as follows: Ba(OH)2 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2 H2O (l) + BaCl2 (aq)

c. Perchloric acid and solid iron(III) hydroxide

This reaction involves perchloric acid (HClO4) and solid iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3). The products are water (H2O) and the salt iron(III) perchlorate (Fe(ClO4)3). The balanced equation is: 3 HClO4 (aq) + Fe(OH)3 (s) → 3 H2O (l) + Fe(ClO4)3 (aq)

d. Solid silver hydroxide and hydrobromic acid

The reactants in this case are solid silver hydroxide (AgOH) and hydrobromic acid (HBr). The products will be water (H2O) and the salt silver bromide (AgBr). The balanced equation is: AgOH (s) + HBr (aq) → H2O (l) + AgBr (s)

e. Aqueous strontium hydroxide and hydroiodic acid

Finally, we have the reaction between aqueous strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) and hydroiodic acid (HI). The products will be water (H2O) and the salt strontium iodide (SrI2). The balanced equation is: Sr(OH)2 (aq) + 2 HI (aq) → 2 H2O (l) + SrI2 (aq)