Question

Write the balanced formula, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for each of the following acid-base reactions. a. \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s) \rightarrow\) b. \(\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow\) c. \(\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow\)

Short answer

a. Balanced Formula Equation: \(2\mathrm{HClO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg(ClO}_{4})_{2}(a q)+2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) Complete Ionic Equation: \(2\mathrm{H^+}(a q)+2\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^-(a q)+\mathrm{Mg^{2+}}(a q)+2\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg^{2+}}(a q)+2\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^-(a q)+2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) Net Ionic Equation: \(2\mathrm{H^+}(a q)+2\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) b. Balanced Formula Equation: \(\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCN}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) Complete Ionic Equation: \(\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{Na^+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na^+}(a q)+\mathrm{CN^-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) Net Ionic Equation: \(\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{CN^-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) c. Balanced Formula Equation: \(\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) Complete Ionic Equation: \(\mathrm{H^+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl^-}(a q)+\mathrm{Na^+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na^+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl^-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) Net Ionic Equation: \(\mathrm{H^+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\)

Step-by-step solution

Write the balanced formula equation

Combine the given reactants to form a salt and water. The salt formed will be \(\mathrm{Mg(ClO}_{4})_{2}\) and the product will be water. Balance the equation: \[2\mathrm{HClO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg(ClO}_{4})_{2}(a q)+2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]

Write the complete ionic equation

Break strong electrolytes: \[2\mathrm{H^+}(a q)+2\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^-(a q)+\mathrm{Mg^{2+}}(a q)+2\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg^{2+}}(a q)+2\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^-(a q)+2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]

Write the net ionic equation

Cancel spectator ions and simplify: \[2\mathrm{H^+}(a q)+2\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\] b. \(\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow\)

Write the balanced formula equation

Combine the given reactants to form a salt and water. The salt formed will be \(\mathrm{NaCN}\) and the product will be water. Balance the equation: \[\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCN}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]

Write the complete ionic equation

HCN is a weak acid and does not dissociate completely. So, we won't break it down into ions. Break down NaOH because it is a strong electrolyte: \[\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{Na^+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na^+}(a q)+\mathrm{CN^-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]

Write the net ionic equation

Cancel spectator ions and simplify: \[\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{CN^-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\] c. \(\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow\)

Write the balanced formula equation

Combine the given reactants to form a salt and water. The salt formed will be \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) and the product will be water. Balance the equation: \[\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]

Write the complete ionic equation

Break down HCl and NaOH into their ions because they are both strong electrolytes: \[\mathrm{H^+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl^-}(a q)+\mathrm{Na^+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na^+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl^-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]

Write the net ionic equation

Cancel spectator ions and simplify: \[\mathrm{H^+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH^-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]