Question

Give an example reaction that would yield the following products. Name the organic reactant and product in each reaction. a. alkane b. monohalogenated alkane c. dihalogenated alkane d. tetrahalogenated alkane e. monohalogenated benzene f. alkene

Short answer

Example reactions: a. Alkane: \[C2H4 + H2 \rightarrow C2H6\] (Reactant: Ethene; Product: Ethane) b. Monohalogenated alkane: \[CH4 + Cl2 \rightarrow CH3Cl + HCl\] (Reactant: Methane; Product: Chloromethane) c. Dihalogenated alkane: \[CH3Cl + Cl2 \rightarrow CH2Cl2 + HCl\] (Reactant: Chloromethane; Product: Dichloromethane) d. Tetrahalogenated alkane: \[CHCl3 + Cl2 \rightarrow CCl4 + HCl\] (Reactant: Trichloromethane; Product: Tetrachloromethane) e. Monohalogenated benzene: \[C6H6 + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H5Cl + HCl\] (Reactant: Benzene; Product: Chlorobenzene) f. Alkene: \[C2H5OH \rightarrow C2H4 + H2O\] (Reactant: Ethanol; Product: Ethene)

Step-by-step solution

Example reaction yielding an alkane

A reaction that yields an alkane is the hydrogenation of an alkene. An example is the hydrogenation of ethene (C2H4) to form ethane (C2H6). Reaction: \[C2H4 + H2 \rightarrow C2H6\] Reactant: Ethene Product: Ethane

Example reaction yielding a monohalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a monohalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of an alkane. An example is the chlorination of methane (CH4) to form chloromethane (CH3Cl). Reaction: \[CH4 + Cl2 \rightarrow CH3Cl + HCl\] Reactant: Methane Product: Chloromethane

Example reaction yielding a dihalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a dihalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of a monohalogenated alkane. An example is the chlorination of chloromethane (CH3Cl) to form dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). Reaction: \[CH3Cl + Cl2 \rightarrow CH2Cl2 + HCl\] Reactant: Chloromethane Product: Dichloromethane

Example reaction yielding a tetrahalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a tetrahalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of a trihalogenated alkane. An example is the chlorination of trichloromethane (CHCl3) to form tetrachloromethane (CCl4). Reaction: \[CHCl3 + Cl2 \rightarrow CCl4 + HCl\] Reactant: Trichloromethane Product: Tetrachloromethane

Example reaction yielding a monohalogenated benzene

A reaction that yields a monohalogenated benzene is the electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene. An example is the chlorination of benzene (C6H6) to form chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl). Reaction: \[C6H6 + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H5Cl + HCl\] Reactant: Benzene Product: Chlorobenzene

Example reaction yielding an alkene

A reaction that yields an alkene is the dehydration of an alcohol. An example is the dehydration of ethanol (C2H5OH) to form ethene (C2H4). Reaction: \[C2H5OH \rightarrow C2H4 + H2O\] Reactant: Ethanol Product: Ethene