Question

Draw the structural formula for each of the following. a. formaldehyde (methanal) b. 4 -heptanone c. 3 -chlorobutanal d. 5,5 -dimethyl-2-hexanone

Short answer

a. Formaldehyde (methanal): H-C=O b. 4-heptanone: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CH2-CH3 c. 3-chlorobutanal: H3C-CH(Cl)-CH2-CH=O d. 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone: CH3-CO-CH-CH2-CH(CH3)2

Step-by-step solution

Compound a: Formaldehyde (methanal)

Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde with one carbon atom, making it methanal according to IUPAC nomenclature. The aldehyde functional group is -CHO. Hence, the structural formula for formaldehyde is: H ' H - C = O ' H

Compound b: 4-heptanone

4-heptanone is a ketone with a seven-carbon atom chain (hept- prefix). The ketone functional group is -CO-, and the number "4" indicates that it is attached to the 4th carbon atom. The structural formula for 4-heptanone is: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CH2-CH3

Compound c: 3-chlorobutanal

3-chlorobutanal is an aldehyde with a four-carbon atom chain (but- prefix) and a chlorine atom (chloro) attached to the third carbon atom. The aldehyde group is -CHO, attached to the first carbon atom (terminal). The structural formula for 3-chlorobutanal is: Cl ' H3C-CH-CH2-CH=O ' H

Compound d: 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone

5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone is a ketone with a six-carbon atom chain (hex- prefix). The ketone functional group is -CO-, and it is attached to the second carbon atom. There are two methyl groups (-CH3) attached to the fifth carbon atom, as indicated by the (5,5-dimethyl) prefix. The structural formula for 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone is: CH3 ' CH3-CO-CH-CH2-CH(CH3)2 ' H