Chapter 20: Problem 28
Thallium and indium form \(+1\) and \(+3\) oxidation states when in compounds. Predict the formulas of the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen and between indium and chlorine. Name the compounds.
Chapter 20: Problem 28
Thallium and indium form \(+1\) and \(+3\) oxidation states when in compounds. Predict the formulas of the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen and between indium and chlorine. Name the compounds.
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Get started for freeDiagonal relationships in the periodic table exist as well as the vertical relationships. For example, Be and Al are similar in some of their properties as are \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{Si}\). Rationalize why these diagonal relationships hold for properties such as size, ionization energy, and electron affinity.
What will be the atomic number of the next alkali metal to be discovered? How would you expect the physical properties of the next alkali metal to compare with the properties of the other alkali metals summarized in Table \(20.4 ?\)
Captain Kirk has set a trap for the Klingons who are threatening an innocent planet. He has sent small groups of fighter rockets to sites that are invisible to Klingon radar and put a decoy in the open. He calls this the "fishhook" strategy. Mr. Spock has sent a coded message to the chemists on the fighters to tell the ships what to do next. The outline of the message is Fill in the blanks of the message using the following clues. (1) Symbol of the halogen whose hydride has the second highest boiling point in the series of HX compounds that are hydrogen halides. (2) Symbol of the halogen that is the only hydrogen halide, \(\mathrm{HX}\), that is a weak acid in aqueous solution. (3) Symbol of the element whose existence on the sun was known before its existence on earth was discovered. (4) The Group \(5 \mathrm{~A}\) element in Table \(20.13\) that should have the most metallic character. (5) Symbol of the Group \(6 \mathrm{~A}\) element that, like selenium, is a semiconductor. (6) Symbol for the element known in rhombic and monoclinic forms. (7) Symbol for the element that exists as diatomic molecules in a yellow-green gas when not combined with another element. (8) Symbol for the most abundant element in and near the earth's crust. (9) Symbol for the element that seems to give some protection against cancer when a diet rich in this element is consumed. (10) Symbol for the smallest noble gas that forms compounds with fluorine having the general formula \(\mathrm{AF}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{AF}_{4}\) (reverse the symbol and split the letters as shown). (11) Symbol for the toxic element that, like phosphorus and antimony, forms tetrameric molecules when uncombined with other elements (split the letters of the symbol as shown). (12) Symbol for the element that occurs as an inert component of air but is a very prominent part of fertilizers and explosives.
Using data from Appendix 4, calculate \(\Delta H^{\circ}, \Delta G^{\circ}\), and \(K_{\mathrm{p}}\) (at \(298 \mathrm{~K}\) ) for the production of ozone from oxygen: $$3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{O}_{3}(g)$$ At \(30 \mathrm{~km}\) above the surface of the earth, the temperature is about \(230 . \mathrm{K}\), and the partial pressure of oxygen is about \(1.0 \times 10^{-3}\) atm. Estimate the partial pressure of ozone in equilibrium with oxygen at \(30 \mathrm{~km}\) above the earth's surface. Is it reasonable to assume that the equilibrium between oxygen and ozone is maintained under these conditions? Explain.
While selenic acid has the formula \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SeO}_{4}\) and thus is directly related to sulfuric acid, telluric acid is best visualized as \(\mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{TeO}_{6}\) or \(\mathrm{Te}(\mathrm{OH})_{6}\) a. What is the oxidation state of tellurium in \(\mathrm{Te}(\mathrm{OH})_{6}\) ? b. Despite its structural differences with sulfuric and selenic acid, telluric acid is a diprotic acid with \(\mathrm{p} K_{a_{1}}=7.68\) and \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=11.29 .\) Telluric acid can be prepared by hydrolysis of tellurium hexafluoride according to the equation $$\mathrm{TeF}_{6}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Te}(\mathrm{OH})_{6}(a q)+6 \mathrm{HF}(a q)$$ Tellurium hexafluoride can be prepared by the reaction of elemental tellurium with fluorine gas: $$\mathrm{Te}(s)+3 \mathrm{~F}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{TeF}_{6}(g)$$ If a cubic block of tellurium (density \(=6.240 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) ) measuring \(0.545 \mathrm{~cm}\) on edge is allowed to react with \(2.34 \mathrm{~L}\) fluorine gas at \(1.06\) atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), what is the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a solution of \(\mathrm{Te}(\mathrm{OH})_{6}\) formed by dissolving the isolated \(\mathrm{TeF}_{6}(g)\) in \(115 \mathrm{~mL}\) water?
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