Question

List two major industrial uses of hydrogen.

Short answer

One major industrial use of hydrogen is in the production of ammonia (\(NH_3\)) through the Haber process, which is crucial for the manufacturing of fertilizers. Another significant application of hydrogen is in the refining of fossil fuels, specifically in hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes, improving the quality of fuels and meeting environmental regulations.

Step-by-step solution

Use 1: Ammonia Production

One of the most significant industrial uses of hydrogen gas is in the production of ammonia through the Haber process. Ammonia (NH3) is a vital compound used as a feedstock for the production of fertilizers, which are essential for global food production. The Haber process combines hydrogen gas (H2) and nitrogen gas (N2) under high pressure to produce ammonia. The hydrogen used in this process is typically obtained from natural gas, steam reforming, or other sources.

Use 2: Refining of Fossil Fuels

Another major industrial application of hydrogen is in the refining of fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas. Hydrogen is used in a process called hydrocracking, where it helps break down heavy oil molecules into lighter, more valuable components like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Additionally, hydrogen is used in the hydrotreating process, where it helps remove impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen from the fossil fuels, making them cleaner and meeting environmental regulations.