Question

Write equations for the stepwise formation of each of the following complex ions. a. \(\mathrm{CoF}_{6}^{3-}\) b. \(\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4}^{2+}\)

Short answer

The stepwise formation equations for the complex ion \(\mathrm{CoF}_{6}^{3-}\) are as follows: 1. Co³⁺ + F⁻ → CoF²⁺ 2. CoF²⁺ + F⁻ → CoF₂⁺ 3. CoF₂⁺ + F⁻ → CoF₃ 4. CoF₃ + F⁻ → CoF₄⁻ 5. CoF₄⁻ + F⁻ → CoF₅²⁻ 6. CoF₅²⁻ + F⁻ → CoF₆³⁻ The stepwise formation equations for the complex ion \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{NH}_{3})_{4}^{2+}\) are as follows: 1. Zn²⁺ + NH₃ → Zn(NH₃)²⁺ 2. Zn(NH₃)²⁺ + NH₃ → Zn(NH₃)₂²⁺ 3. Zn(NH₃)₂²⁺ + NH₃ → Zn(NH₃)₃²⁺ 4. Zn(NH₃)₃²⁺ + NH₃ → Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺

Step-by-step solution

Identify components of the complex ions

In order to write stepwise formation equations for the complex ions, we first need to identify the components involved in the formation of each ion. For complex ion a: \(\mathrm{CoF}_{6}^{3-}\) - Central metal ion: Co (Cobalt) - Ligand: F⁻ (Fluoride ion) - Charge: 3- For complex ion b: \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{NH}_{3})_{4}^{2+}\) - Central metal ion: Zn (Zinc) - Ligand: NH₃ (Ammonia) - Charge: 2+

Write the stepwise formation equations for \(\mathrm{CoF}_{6}^{3-}\)

Now we will write the stepwise formation equations for the cobalt fluoride complex ion \(\mathrm{CoF}_{6}^{3-}\): 1. Co³⁺ + F⁻ → CoF²⁺ 2. CoF²⁺ + F⁻ → CoF₂⁺ 3. CoF₂⁺ + F⁻ → CoF₃ 4. CoF₃ + F⁻ → CoF₄⁻ 5. CoF₄⁻ + F⁻ → CoF₅²⁻ 6. CoF₅²⁻ + F⁻ → CoF₆³⁻ The stepwise formation of \(\mathrm{CoF}_{6}^{3-}\) is completed.

Write the stepwise formation equations for \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{NH}_{3})_{4}^{2+}\)

Now we will write the stepwise formation equations for the zinc ammonia complex ion \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{NH}_{3})_{4}^{2+}\): 1. Zn²⁺ + NH₃ → Zn(NH₃)²⁺ 2. Zn(NH₃)²⁺ + NH₃ → Zn(NH₃)₂²⁺ 3. Zn(NH₃)₂²⁺ + NH₃ → Zn(NH₃)₃²⁺ 4. Zn(NH₃)₃²⁺ + NH₃ → Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺ The stepwise formation of \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{NH}_{3})_{4}^{2+}\) is completed.