Question

Describe what is meant by a dynamic equilibrium in terms of the vapor pressure of a liquid.

Short answer

Dynamic equilibrium in terms of vapor pressure is a state in which the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation in a closed system containing a liquid and its vapor. In this state, there is a constant exchange of particles between the liquid and the vapor, maintaining a constant vapor pressure while the overall quantities of liquid and vapor remain stable.

Step-by-step solution

1. Define Dynamic Equilibrium

Dynamic equilibrium is a state in which the rate of a forward process is equal to the rate of its reverse process, resulting in no net change in the system. In this state, the system appears to be stable and unmoving, but in reality, the components are continuously and constantly changing.

2. Define Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor when it is in equilibrium with its liquid phase. It is a measure of the tendency of liquid particles to escape from the liquid surface and become vapor in the atmosphere above the liquid. Vapor pressure depends on two factors: the temperature of the liquid and the nature of the liquid itself.

3. Describe the Relationship Between Dynamic Equilibrium and Vapor Pressure

In the context of vapor pressure, dynamic equilibrium is achieved when the rate of evaporation (liquid particles escaping to form vapor) equals the rate of condensation (vapor particles returning to the liquid phase). At this point, there is a constant exchange of particles between the liquid and its vapor, but the overall quantities of liquid and vapor remain constant.

4. Discuss Dynamic Equilibrium in a Closed System

Dynamic equilibrium can be observed in a closed system containing a liquid and its vapor. Initially, the liquid particles begin to evaporate, and the vapor particles rise above the liquid surface. As the vapor pressure above the liquid increases, the rate of condensation also increases. When the rate of evaporation and the rate of condensation become equal, the system reaches dynamic equilibrium. In this state, the vapor pressure remains constant and the system appears stable. However, the individual particles are continuously moving between the liquid and vapor phases.

5. Summarize the Concept of Dynamic Equilibrium with Vapor Pressure

In conclusion, dynamic equilibrium in terms of vapor pressure is when the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation in the closed system containing a liquid and its vapor. There is a constant exchange of particles between the liquid and the vapor, but the overall quantities of these phases remain stable. This constant exchange of particles maintains a constant vapor pressure in the system.