Question

Iodine forms the acid anhydride \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\). Write a balanced equation for the reaction of this anhydride with water, and name the acid that is formed

Short answer

\( \mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} + \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HIO}_{3} \); the acid formed is iodic acid.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Anhydride Formula

The given anhydride is iodine pentoxide, represented by the chemical formula \( \mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \). Anhydrides react with water to form acids. Therefore, we need to determine what happens when \( \mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \) is combined with water.

Determine the Reaction with Water

In general, when a non-metal oxide reacts with water, an acid is formed. Iodine pentoxide \( \mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \) will react with water \( \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \) to form iodic acid \( \mathrm{HIO}_3 \). The general formula for this reaction is: \[ \mathrm{I}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HIO}_{3} \].

Write the Balanced Chemical Equation

After determining the products, we write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. The equation is:\[ \mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} + \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HIO}_{3} \].This shows that one molecule of iodine pentoxide reacts with one molecule of water to produce two molecules of iodic acid.

Name the Formed Acid

The acid formed in the reaction is \( \mathrm{HIO}_3 \), which is known as iodic acid. This naming follows the chemical nomenclature for acids derived from their anhydrides.

Key concepts

Acid Anhydrides

Acid anhydrides are fascinating components in the world of chemistry. These compounds are formed by removing water from an acid. When you think of an acid anhydride, imagine a structure waiting to regain its acidic properties through a reaction with water. Acid anhydrides mainly consist of non-metal oxides. These are compounds formed from non-metals and oxygen. A classic example is iodine pentoxide (\(\mathrm{I}_2\mathrm{O}_5\)).

• Formed by removing water from an acid.
• React with water to form acids again.
• Typically non-metal oxides.

In the original exercise, iodine forms its acid anhydride as \( \mathrm{I}_2\mathrm{O}_5 \), which can react with water to reproduce an important acid known as iodic acid.

Iodic Acid

Iodic acid is one of the major products formed when iodine pentoxide reacts with water. Understanding this acid helps us grasp the beauty of chemical transformations. This compound, \(\mathrm{HIO}_3\), is recognized by its characteristic composition.

• Formed by the reaction of iodine pentoxide and water.
• Chemically represented as \(\mathrm{HIO}_3\).
• A known product in iodate reactions.

Iodic acid takes its place among many acids formed through reactions involving acid anhydrides. It’s part of the chemical language that helps break down complex reactions into understandable terms.

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemical equations is like a puzzle that chemists solve to ensure that matter is conserved. When acids and anhydrides react, writing the balanced equation is essential for understanding the reaction's stoichiometry.For the iodine pentoxide and water reaction, we derive:\[\mathrm{I}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HIO}_{3}\]Every element must be balanced on both sides:

• 2 iodine atoms on each side.
• 6 oxygen atoms on each side (5 from iodine pentoxide and 1 from water).
• 2 hydrogen atoms on each side (from water transformed into iodic acid).

Balancing not only ensures conservation of mass but also provides insight into how compounds interact at the molecular level, allowing chemists to predict products and proportions accurately.