Question

Give examples of some basic substances without \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\)ions.

Short answer

Answer: Examples of basic substances without hydroxide ions include ammonia (NH3), amines (such as methylamine CH3NH2 and ethylamine C2H5NH2), and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). These substances can act as Bronsted-Lowry bases, as they can accept protons (H+) during a chemical reaction.

Step-by-step solution

Introduce Bronsted-Lowry bases

Bronsted-Lowry bases are substances that can accept a proton (\(\mathrm{H}^{+}\)) during a chemical reaction. They do not necessarily contain \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) ions, unlike Arrhenius bases which dissociate in water to form hydroxide ions. The focus is on finding examples of such bases.

Provide examples of basic substances without OH- ions

Here are some examples of Bronsted-Lowry bases without \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) ions: 1. Ammonia (\(\mathrm{NH}_3\)): Ammonia can accept a proton to form ammonium ion (\(\mathrm{NH}_4^+\)) in an acid-base reaction like this: \(\mathrm{NH}_3 + \mathrm{H}^+ \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_4^+\) \(\mathrm{}\) 2. Amines: Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. For example, methylamine (\(\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{NH}_2\)) and ethylamine (\(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_5\mathrm{NH}_2\)) can accept a proton to become positively charged: \(\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{NH}_2 + \mathrm{H}^+ \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{NH}_3^+\) \(\mathrm{}\) \(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_5\mathrm{NH}_2 + \mathrm{H}^+ \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_5\mathrm{NH}_3^+\) 3. Bicarbonate ion (\(\mathrm{HCO}_3^-\)): Bicarbonate ions can accept a proton to form carbonic acid (\(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3\)). Here's the chemical reaction: \(\mathrm{HCO}_3^- + \mathrm{H}^+ \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3\) Remember, these are just a few examples of basic substances without hydroxide ions. There are many other compounds that can act as Bronsted-Lowry bases too.