Problem 36
Four atoms are arbitrarily labeled \(\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{E}, \mathrm{F},\) and \(\mathrm{G}\). Their electronegativities are as follows: \(\mathrm{D}=3.8, \mathrm{E}=3.3, \mathrm{~F}=\) \(2.8,\) and \(\mathrm{G}=1.3 .\) If the atoms of these elements form the molecules \(\mathrm{DE}, \mathrm{DG}, \mathrm{EG},\) and \(\mathrm{DF},\) how would you arrange these molecules in order of increasing covalent bond character?
Problem 39
List the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character: cesium to fluorine, chlorine to chlorine, bromine to chlorine, silicon to carbon.
Problem 40
Classify the following bonds as covalent, polar covalent, or ionic, and explain: (a) the \(\mathrm{CC}\) bond in \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{CCH}_{3},\) (b) the KI bond in KI, (c) the \(\mathrm{NB}\) bond in \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{NBCl}_{3}\), (d) the CF bond in \(\mathrm{CF}_{4}\).
Problem 41
Classify the following bonds as covalent, polar covalent, or ionic, and explain: (a) the SiSi bond in \(\mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{SiSiCl}_{3}\), (b) the \(\mathrm{SiCl}\) bond in \(\mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{SiSiCl}_{3}\), (c) the CaF bond in \(\mathrm{CaF}_{2},(\mathrm{~d})\) the \(\mathrm{NH}\) bond in \(\mathrm{NH}_{3} .\)
Problem 42
List the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character: the lithium- to-fluorine bond in LiF, the potassium-to-oxygen bond in \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) the nitrogen-tonitrogen bond in \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\), the sulfur-to- oxygen bond in \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\), the chlorine-to-fluorine bond in \(\mathrm{ClF}_{3}\).
Problem 43
Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character: carbon to hydrogen, fluorine to hydrogen, bromine to hydrogen, sodium to chlorine, potassium to fluorine, lithium to chlorine.
Problem 46
Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions: (a) \(\mathrm{NCl}_{3},\) (b) OCS, (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2},\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-}\), (e) \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\) (f) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{3}^{+}\)
Problem 47
Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions: (a) \(\mathrm{OF}_{2},(\mathrm{~b}) \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{2} (\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{Si}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6},\) (d) \(\mathrm{OH}^{-},\) (e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{ClCOO}^{-},\) (f) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{3}^{+}\).
Problem 48
Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules: (a) \(\mathrm{ICl},\) (b) \(\mathrm{PH}_{3},\) (c) \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\) (each \(\mathrm{P}\) is bonded to three other \(\mathrm{P}\) atoms), (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S},\) (e) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\) (f) \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3}\)
Problem 49
Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules: (a) \(\mathrm{COBr}_{2}(\mathrm{C}\) is bonded to \(\mathrm{O}\) and \(\mathrm{Br}\) atoms \()\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{Se}\) (c) \(\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\), (e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Br}\) (f) \(\mathrm{NCl}_{3}\)
