Chapter 7: Problem 84
Write equations representing the following processes: (a) The electron affinity of \(S^{-}\) (b) The third ionization energy of titanium (c) The electron affinity of \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) (d) The ionization energy of \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\)
Short Answer
Step by step solution
Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Ionization Energy
- The process of ionization involves increasing energy levels as electrons are removed sequentially.
- Once an electron is removed, the ion becomes positively charged due to the imbalance of protons and electrons.
- The first ionization energy refers to removing the first electron, the second to the second electron, and so on.
Sulfur Anion
- This process involves gaining a second electron, making the sulfur more negatively charged.
- Understanding this concept helps in predicting the formation and stability of molecules in chemical reactions.
Titanium Ionization
- Consider a neutral titanium (\( \text{Ti} \)) atom losing three electrons to become \( \text{Ti}^{3+} \).
- Each subsequent electron removal requires more energy due to stronger attraction between the electrons and the nucleus.
Magnesium Cation
- This conversion describes the initial step towards reducing magnesium from a doubly positive charged ion to a singly positive charged ion.
- Such transformations are often related to metabolic processes or industrial procedures involving magnesium.