Problem 94
Use the Aufbau principle to obtain the ground-state electron configuration of selenium.
Problem 95
Use the Aufbau principle to obtain the ground-state electron configuration of technetium.
Problem 96
Write the ground-state electron configurations for the following elements: \(\mathrm{B}, \mathrm{V}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{As}, \mathrm{I}, \mathrm{Au} .\)
Problem 97
Write the ground-state electron configurations for the following elements: Ge, Fe, \(\mathrm{Zn}, \mathrm{Ni}, \mathrm{W}, \mathrm{Tl}\).
Problem 99
Discuss the current view of the correctness of the following statements. (a) The electron in the hydrogen atom is in an orbit that never brings it closer than \(100 \mathrm{pm}\) to the nucleus. (b) Atomic absorption spectra result from transitions of electrons from lower to higher energy levels. (c) A many- electron atom behaves somewhat like a solar system that has a number of planets.
Problem 100
Distinguish carefully between the following terms: (a) wavelength and frequency, (b) wave properties and particle properties, (c) quantization of energy and continuous variation in energy.
Problem 101
What is the maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the following quantum numbers? Specify the orbitals in which the electrons would be found. (a) \(n=2, m_{s}=+\frac{1}{2} ;\) (b) \(n=4, m_{\ell}=+1 ;\) (c) \(n=3\), \(\ell=2 ;(\mathrm{d}) n=2, \ell=0, m_{s}=-\frac{1}{2} ;(\mathrm{e}) n=4, \ell=3\) \(m_{\ell}=-2\)
Problem 104
A baseball pitcher's fastballs have been clocked at about \(100 \mathrm{mph}\). (a) Calculate the wavelength of a \(0.141-\mathrm{kg}\) baseball (in \(\mathrm{nm}\) ) at this speed. (b) What is the wavelength of a hydrogen atom at the same speed \((1 \mathrm{mile}=1609 \mathrm{~m})\) ?
Problem 105
The He ion contains only one electron and is therefore a hydrogen-like ion. Calculate the wavelengths, in increasing order, of the first four transitions in the Balmer series of the \(\mathrm{He}^{+}\) ion. Compare these wavelengths with the same transitions in an \(\mathrm{H}\) atom. Comment on the differences. (The Rydberg constant for He is \(4.39 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{~m}^{-1}\).)
Problem 106
Draw the shapes (boundary surfaces) of the following orbitals: (a) \(2 p_{y}\), (b) \(3 d_{z^{2}}\), (c) \(3 d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}\). (Show coordinate axes in your sketches.)
