Chapter 4: Problem 84
Calculate the concentration (in molarity) of an \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) solution if \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of the solution is needed to neutralize \(17.4 \mathrm{~mL}\) of a \(0.312 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\) solution.
Short Answer
Expert verified
The molarity of the NaOH solution is approximately 0.217 M.
Step by step solution
01
Understanding the Neutralization Reaction
First, recognize that the reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a neutralization reaction, which can be represented by the equation: \[ \mathrm{NaOH} + \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2O} \]. This means that one mole of NaOH reacts with one mole of HCl.
02
Calculate Moles of HCl
Since the molarity of the HCl solution is given, use the formula for moles: \(\text{moles} = \text{molarity} \times \text{volume in liters}\). The volume of HCl is 17.4 mL, which is 0.0174 L. Therefore, the moles of HCl are: \[ \text{moles of HCl} = 0.312 \,\text{M} \times 0.0174 \,\text{L} = 0.0054288 \,\text{moles}\].
03
Determine Moles of NaOH Required
Since the reaction is a 1:1 ratio according to the balanced equation, the moles of NaOH needed will be equal to the moles of HCl. Therefore, \( \text{moles of NaOH} = 0.0054288 \,\text{moles}\).
04
Calculate the Molarity of NaOH
Now, use the definition of molarity, which is: \(\text{molarity} = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{volume of solution in liters}}\). The volume of the NaOH solution is 25.0 mL, or 0.025 L. Therefore, the molarity \(M\) of the NaOH solution is: \[ M = \frac{0.0054288 \,\text{moles}}{0.025 \,\text{L}} = 0.217152 \,\text{M}\].
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Neutralization Reaction
Neutralization reactions are vital in chemistry, especially in acid-base chemistry. It involves combining an acid and a base to form water and a salt. This type of reaction is important as it helps us understand how different solutions react. Understanding neutralization helps us calculate changes in concentrations during reactions. In a typical neutralization, acids donate protons (H+) while bases provide hydroxide ions (OH-). They react to form water
- Acids + Bases → Water + Salt
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the area of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It plays a crucial role, especially in reactions like neutralization occurring in defined ratios. Knowing how to calculate the moles of reactants and products is a core skill in stoichiometry. It’s like the math of chemistry. Here's why stoichiometry is so important:
- It helps us determine the proportional amounts of reactants needed.
- It allows us to calculate unknown quantities such as molarity or volume.
Mole Concept
The mole concept is central to chemistry and is essential in calculating amounts in chemical reactions. A mole is a unit used to express amounts of a chemical substance. Understanding moles allows us to calculate how much of a substance is involved in a given reaction.
- 1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).
- Moles relate mass to the number of particles and vice versa.
Acid-Base Reaction
Acid-base reactions are fundamental in both chemistry and everyday life. They form a core part of numerous processes we observe around us. An acid-base reaction involves an acid donating a proton to a base, which leads to a neutralization process.
- Acids release H+ ions in solutions.
- Bases release OH- ions.