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When potassium cyanide ( KCN ) reacts with acids, a deadly poisonous gas, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), is given off. Here is the equation: KCN(aq)+HCl(aq)KCl(aq)+HCN(g) If a sample of 0.140 g of KCN is treated with an excess of HCl, calculate the amount of HCN formed, in grams.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The mass of HCN formed is approximately 0.0581 g.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the molar mass of KCN

First, determine the molar mass of KCN. The atomic masses are: K = 39.1, C = 12.0, and N = 14.0. Add these together to get the molar mass of KCN:39.1+12.0+14.0=65.1 g/mol
02

Convert grams of KCN to moles

Use the molar mass of KCN to convert 0.140 g of KCN to moles:moles of KCN=0.14065.10.00215 moles
03

Use stoichiometry to find moles of HCN

From the balanced equation, the molar ratio of KCN to HCN is 1:1. Therefore, the moles of HCN produced is the same as the moles of KCN initially:moles of HCN=0.00215 moles
04

Calculate the mass of HCN formed

Determine the molar mass of HCN. The atomic masses are: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, and N = 14.0. Add these together:1.0+12.0+14.0=27.0 g/molUse the moles of HCN to find the grams of HCN:mass of HCN=0.00215×27.00.0581 g

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions are processes where substances, known as reactants, transform into different substances, called products. In the reaction given, potassium cyanide (KCN) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce potassium chloride (KCl) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a gas that has toxic properties.

In this process, atoms are rearranged but not created or destroyed. This particular reaction is an example of a single replacement reaction, where an element in a compound is replaced by an element in another compound.

Understanding the type of reaction occurring helps in predicting the products and the behavior of the substances involved. It also provides insight into the safety precautions needed, especially when dealing with dangerous chemicals.
Molar Mass Calculation
Molar mass is a fundamental concept in chemistry, referring to the mass of one mole of a given substance. It provides a bridge between the atomic scale and the bulk measurements in the laboratory.

To calculate the molar mass of KCN, we sum the atomic masses of its constituent elements: potassium (K), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N).
  • Potassium: 39.1 g/mol
  • Carbon: 12.0 g/mol
  • Nitrogen: 14.0 g/mol
Adding these gives us a total molar mass: 39.1+12.0+14.0=65.1 g/mol. This value is crucial for converting between grams and moles, enabling precise stoichiometric calculations, which are essential for predicting how much of each product is formed in reactions.
Balanced Chemical Equations
Balanced chemical equations are vital for accurately representing chemical reactions. They ensure the conservation of mass, which means the same number of each type of atom is present in both the reactants and products.

In the equation KCN(aq)+HCl(aq)KCl(aq)+HCN(g), each molecule of KCN reacts with a molecule of HCl to produce one molecule each of KCl and HCN.

The balanced equation reflects a 1:1 molar ratio between the reactants and products, crucial for stoichiometric calculations. This ratio tells us that for every mole of KCN consumed, one mole of HCN is produced.
  • This ensures that the equation respects the law of conservation of mass and predicts yields of products.
  • Understanding this allows chemists to calculate the amounts of reactants needed or products formed and apply these skills effectively in laboratory settings or industry processes.
Balancing equations is not just an academic exercise; it’s an essential skill in chemistry used to ensure reactions proceed as desired.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Potash is any potassium mineral that is used for its potassium content. Most of the potash produced in the United States goes into fertilizer. The major sources of potash are potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulfate (K2SO4). Potash production is often reported as the potassium oxide (K2O) equivalent or the amount of K2O that could be made from a given mineral. (a) If KCl costs $0.55 per kg, for what price (dollar per kg) must K2SO4 be sold to supply the same amount of potassium on a per dollar basis? (b) What mass (in kg) of K2O contains the same number of moles of K atoms as 1.00 kg of KCl ?

A die has an edge length of 1.5 cm. (a) What is the volume of one mole of such dice? (b) Assuming that the mole of dice could be packed in such a way that they were in contact with one another, forming stacking layers covering the entire surface of Earth, calculate the height in meters the layers would extend outward. [The radius (r) of Earth is 6371 km, and the area of a sphere is 4πr2.]

A compound made up of C,H, and Cl contains 55.0 percent Cl by mass. If 9.00 g of the compound contain 4.19×1023H atoms, what is the empirical formula of the comnound?

How many grams of sulfur (S) are needed to react completely with 246 g of mercury (Hg) to form HgS ?

The amino acid cysteine plays an important role in the three-dimensional structure of proteins by forming "disulfide bridges." The percent composition of cysteine is 29.74 percent C,5.82 percent H,26.41 percent O 11.56 percent N, and 26.47 percent S. What is the molecular formula if its molar mass is approximately 121 g ?

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