Chapter 3: Problem 72
Ammonia is a principal nitrogen fertilizer. It is prepared by the reaction
between hydrogen and nitrogen:
Short Answer
Expert verified
9.0 moles of and 3.0 moles of were consumed.
Step by step solution
01
Understand the Reaction
The balanced chemical equation for the formation of ammonia ( ) from hydrogen ( ) and nitrogen ( ) is given by: This means 3 moles of react with 1 mole of to produce 2 moles of .
02
Set Up the Mole Ratio
From the balanced equation, the molar ratio between and is 3:2, and between and is 1:2.
03
Calculate Moles of H2 Consumed
Since the ratio of to is 3:2, you can set up the proportion: Solving for , gives:
04
Calculate Moles of N2 Consumed
Since the ratio of to is 1:2, you use: Solving for , gives:
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Mole Ratio
In the study of chemical reactions, understanding the concept of mole ratio is essential. Mole ratio is derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation. It represents the proportions of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. For example, in the reaction:
To apply mole ratio in calculations, you can set up a proportion based on the balanced equation. This allows you to calculate the unknown quantity if you have one known quantity related to the substances involved. This method was used in calculating the moles of and consumed.
- 3 moles of hydrogen (
) react with 1 mole of nitrogen ( ) to produce 2 moles of ammonia ( ).
To apply mole ratio in calculations, you can set up a proportion based on the balanced equation. This allows you to calculate the unknown quantity if you have one known quantity related to the substances involved. This method was used in calculating the moles of
Balanced Chemical Equation
A balanced chemical equation is a fundamental tool in chemistry. It not only represents what happens in a reaction but also ensures the law of conservation of mass is adhered to. This law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
In simple terms, atoms and molecules present at the start of a reaction must still be present at the end of it. Thus, a balanced equation has the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the reaction. In the ammonia synthesis equation:
In simple terms, atoms and molecules present at the start of a reaction must still be present at the end of it. Thus, a balanced equation has the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the reaction. In the ammonia synthesis equation:
Ammonia Synthesis
Ammonia synthesis, often carried out through the Haber-Bosch process, is a vital industrial chemical reaction. This process is crucial for producing ammonia, a key ingredient in fertilizers that supports agricultural productivity worldwide.
The reaction involves nitrogen from the air and hydrogen derived from natural gas or water electrolysis. The balanced equation for ammonia synthesis is:
The reaction involves nitrogen from the air and hydrogen derived from natural gas or water electrolysis. The balanced equation for ammonia synthesis is:
Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction involves rearrangement of molecules to form new substances. It is a process characterized by the interaction of reactants to form products with different properties. In the context of the ammonia synthesis reaction:
These reactions are central to various industries, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and environmental management. Knowing how reactions work allows chemists and engineers to manipulate them for desired outcomes, including the design of sustainable processes and resources.
- Hydrogen (
) and nitrogen ( ) interact to form ammonia ( ).
These reactions are central to various industries, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and environmental management. Knowing how reactions work allows chemists and engineers to manipulate them for desired outcomes, including the design of sustainable processes and resources.