Chapter 23

Define the terms mineral and ore.

List three metals that are usually found in an uncombined state in nature and three metals that are always found in a combined state in nature.

Write chemical formulas for the following minerals: (a) calcite, (b) dolomite, (c) fluorite, (d) halite, (e) corundum, (f) magnetite, (g) beryl, (h) galena, (i) epsomite, (j) anhydrite.

Name the following minerals: (a) ${\mathrm{MgCO}}_3,$ (b) ${\mathrm{Na}}_3{\mathrm{AlF}}_6$, (c) ${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ (e) $\mathrm{HgS},$ (f) $\mathrm{ZnS},(\mathrm{g}){\mathrm{SrSO}}_4,$ ${}_3,$ (d) ${\mathrm{Ag}}_2\mathrm{S}$ (h) ${\mathrm{PbCO}}_3$ (i) ${\mathrm{MnO}}_2,(\mathrm{j}){\mathrm{TiO}}_2$

Define the terms metallurgy, alloy, and amalgam.

What does roasting mean in metallurgy? Why is roasting a major source of air pollution and acid rain?

Describe with examples the chemical and electrolytic reduction processes used in the production of metals.

Describe the extraction of iron in a blast furnace.

Briefly discuss the steelmaking process.

Briefly describe the zone refining process.