Problem 45
Water and sulfur dioxide are both polar molecules, and their geometry is similar. Why is \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) not considered a major greenhouse gas?
Problem 46
What is photochemical smog? List the factors that favor the formation of photochemical smog.
Problem 47
What are primary and secondary pollutants?
Problem 48
Identify the gas that is responsible for the brown color of photochemical smog.
Problem 49
The safety limits of ozone and carbon monoxide are 120 ppb by volume and 9 ppm by volume, respectively. Why does ozone have a lower limit?
Problem 50
Suggest ways to minimize the formation of photochemical smog.
Problem 51
In which region of the atmosphere is ozone beneficial? In which region is it detrimental?
Problem 52
The gas-phase decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) obeys first-order kinetics: $$ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOONO}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOO}+\mathrm{NO}_{2} $$ with a rate constant of \(4.9 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~s}^{-1} .\) Calculate the rate of decomposition (in \(M / \mathrm{s}\) ) if the concentration of PAN is 0.55 ppm by volume. Assume STP conditions.
Problem 53
On a smoggy day in a certain city, the ozone concentration was 0.42 ppm by volume. Calculate the partial pressure of ozone (in atm) and the number of ozone molecules per liter of air if the temperature and pressure were \(20.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(748 \mathrm{mmHg}\), respectively.
Problem 54
List the major indoor pollutants and their sources.
