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Chapter 19: Problem 59

Steel hardware, including nuts and bolts, is often coated with a thin plating of cadmium. Explain the function of the cadmium layer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Cadmium coating prevents corrosion and provides additional benefits like reduced friction and electrical conductivity.

Step by step solution

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01

Understanding Corrosion

One major issue that affects metals, including steel, is corrosion, which is the gradual destruction of the material through a chemical reaction, usually with oxygen and moisture in the environment. This process can lead to rust in steel, compromising its strength and integrity over time.
02

Purpose of Cadmium Coating

Cadmium is often used as a protective layer on steel hardware because it is highly resistant to corrosion. The cadmium layer acts as a barrier, preventing direct contact between the steel and environmental elements that cause corrosion, thus reducing the risk of rust formation.
03

Characteristics of Cadmium Coating

Besides preventing corrosion, cadmium also offers other benefits: it provides a smooth surface finish which decreases friction, and it is electrically conducive, making it useful in applications where electrical conductivity is needed.

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Cadmium Coating
Cadmium coating is a thin layer of cadmium applied to metal surfaces, such as steel. This coating serves several critical functions that contribute to the longevity and performance of the metal. The primary goal of cadmium coating is to protect the metal beneath from corrosive environmental factors.

Cadmium is particularly valued for its ability to resist corrosion effectively. It acts as a protective shield, preventing elements like oxygen and moisture from reaching the steel and causing harm.
  • Offers a corrosion-resistant surface.
  • Reduces material deterioration.
  • Maintains the underlying metal's structural integrity.
Additionally, cadmium coating can improve the surface finish of the metal, making it smoother and better able to reduce friction and enhance operational efficiency.
Steel Corrosion
Steel corrosion is a common problem that occurs when steel is exposed to certain environmental conditions, primarily involving moisture and oxygen. This natural process results in the formation of iron oxide, commonly known as rust, which can severely weaken the steel.

Corrosion not only affects the appearance of steel but also its mechanical properties, potentially leading to failure in critical applications.
  • Rust forms due to the reaction with water and oxygen.
  • Weakens the strength of steel components.
  • Leads to structural integrity issues over time.
To protect steel from these adverse effects, coatings like cadmium are applied to create a barrier that minimizes exposure to corrosive elements.
Metal Plating
Metal plating is the process of coating one metal with a thin layer of another metal through chemical or electrochemical methods. In the case of steel, cadmium plating is a prevalent choice due to its protective benefits.

This process not only enhances the corrosion resistance of the metal but also improves its aesthetic and functional properties.
  • Provides a shield against corrosion.
  • Can enhance appearance and reduce friction.
  • May improve durability and lifespan of the plated material.
The application of metal plating is a crucial step in extending the life of steel components, especially in harsh environments.
Electrical Conductivity
Electrical conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct electric current. Cadmium coating is beneficial in applications where electrical conductivity is essential. Metals coated with cadmium retain excellent conductive properties needed for various electrical components.

Its conductive nature ensures reliable performance in electrical connections.
  • Ensures efficient performance in electrical circuits.
  • Reduces electric resistance at the point of contact.
  • Maintains stability in electrical connections.
These properties make cadmium an ideal choice for applications that require both corrosion resistance and high electrical conductivity.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The magnitudes (but not the signs) of the standard reduction potentials of two metals \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) are: $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{Y}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \longrightarrow & \mathrm{Y} & &\left|E^{\circ}\right|=0.34 \mathrm{~V} \\\ \mathrm{X}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \longrightarrow & \mathrm{X} & &\left|E^{\circ}\right|=0.25 \mathrm{~V} \end{aligned}$$ where the \(\|\) notation denotes that only the magnitude (but not the sign) of the \(E^{\circ}\) value is shown. When the half-cells of \(X\) and \(Y\) are connected, electrons flow from \(X\) to \(Y\). When \(X\) is connected to a SHE, electrons flow from \(\mathrm{X}\) to SHE. (a) Are the \(E^{\circ}\) values of the halfreactions positive or negative? (b) What is the standard emf of a cell made up of \(X\) and \(Y ?\)

Given that \(E^{\circ}=0.52 \mathrm{~V}\) for the reduction \(\mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q)+e^{-}\) \(\longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s),\) calculate \(E^{\circ}, \Delta G^{\circ},\) and \(K\) for the following reaction at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) : $$ 2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q) \rightleftarrows \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) $$

Write the equations relating \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) and \(K\) to the standard emf of a cell. Define all the terms.

A galvanic cell consists of a silver electrode in contact with \(346 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.100 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\) solution and a magnesium electrode in contact with \(288 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.100 \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) solution. (a) Calculate \(E\) for the cell at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (b) A current is drawn from the cell until \(1.20 \mathrm{~g}\) of silver has been deposited at the silver electrode. Calculate \(E\) for the cell at this stage of operation.

What is the difference between a galvanic cell (such as a Daniell cell) and an electrolytic cell?
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