Problem 120
Classify each of the following species as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base: (a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2},(\mathrm{~b}) \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O},(\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{I}^{-},(\mathrm{d}) \mathrm{SO}_{2},(\mathrm{e}) \mathrm{NH}_{3},\) (f) \(\mathrm{OH}^{-},(\mathrm{g}) \mathrm{H}^{+},(\mathrm{h}) \mathrm{BCl}_{3}\)
Problem 121
Describe the following reaction in terms of the Lewis theory of acids and bases: $$ \mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{AlCl}_{4}^{-}(a q) $$
Problem 122
Which would be considered a stronger Lewis acid: (a) \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) or \(\mathrm{BCl}_{3},\) (b) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\) or \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) ? Explain.
Problem 123
All Brönsted acids are Lewis acids, but the reverse is not true. Give two examples of Lewis acids that are not Brönsted acids.
Problem 124
Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the following reactions: (a) \(5 \mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{Fe}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CO})_{5}(l)\) (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+\mathrm{BCl}_{3}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{BNH}_{3}(s)\) (c) \(\mathrm{Hg}^{2+}(a q)+4 \mathrm{I}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{HgI}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\)
Problem 125
Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the following reactions: (a) \(\mathrm{AlBr}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{Br}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{AlBr}_{4}^{-}(a q)\) (b) \(6 \mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{Cr}(s) \longrightarrow \operatorname{Cr}(\mathrm{CO})_{6}(s)\) (c) \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+4 \mathrm{CN}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}^{2-}(a q)\)
Problem 126
Predict the direction that predominates in this reaction: $$ \mathrm{F}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{HF}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) $$
Problem 127
Predict the products and tell whether the following reaction will occur to any measurable extent: $$ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow $$
Problem 130
Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.20 \mathrm{M}\) ammonium acetate \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COONH}_{4}\right)\) solution.
Problem 131
To which of the following would the addition of an equal volume of \(0.60 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}\) lead to a solution having (b) \(0.30 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\) (c) \(0.70 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KOH}\) a lower \(\mathrm{pH}\) : (a) water, (d) \(0.40 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\) ?
