Chapter 15: Problem 88
A mixture containing 3.9 moles of \(\mathrm{NO}\) and 0.88 mole of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) was allowed to react in a flask at a certain temperature according to the equation: $$ \mathrm{NO}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) \rightleftarrows \mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{CO}(g) $$ At equilibrium, 0.11 mole of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) was present. Calculate the equilibrium constant \(K_{\mathrm{c}}\) of this reaction.
Short Answer
Step by step solution
Write the balanced equation and define changes
Determine the equilibrium moles
Calculate equilibrium concentrations
Write the equilibrium expression
Calculate the equilibrium constant
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Chemical Equilibrium
Equilibrium signifies balance in the reaction process. Although the amounts of \( \mathrm{NO} \), \( \mathrm{CO}_2 \), \( \mathrm{NO}_2 \), and \( \mathrm{CO} \) don't change at equilibrium, the chemicals continue to react. This continuous reaction is called dynamic equilibrium.
Understanding chemical equilibrium is crucial because it determines the concentrations of reactants and products, leading to the calculation of the equilibrium constant, \( K_{c} \). This constant helps predict the extent of the reaction and the potential yield of products.
Reaction Stoichiometry
In our balanced reaction \( \mathrm{NO}(g) + \mathrm{CO}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{NO}_2(g) + \mathrm{CO}(g) \), each molecule of \( \mathrm{NO} \) reacts with one molecule of \( \mathrm{CO}_2 \) to produce one molecule each of \( \mathrm{NO}_2 \) and \( \mathrm{CO} \). This is a 1:1:1:1 stoichiometric relationship.
Stoichiometry helps in calculating the changes in the number of moles of each substance as the reaction proceeds toward equilibrium, which further aids in determining the equilibrium concentrations.
Balanced Equation
For our example, the balanced equation is: - \( \mathrm{NO}(g) + \mathrm{CO}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{NO}_2(g) + \mathrm{CO}(g) \).
This equation showcases the law of conservation of mass, where the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Balancing ensures that the reaction accurately represents the real-life process.
With the equation properly balanced, it's possible to track how the number of molecules changes as the reaction progresses, directly impacting the calculation of the equilibrium state.
Concentration Calculation
In our exercise, we assume the reaction occurs in a 1 L flask, which makes moles equal concentrations. Thus, the equilibrium concentrations of the substances become directly related to their moles:
- \( [\mathrm{NO}] = 3.13 \)
- \( [\mathrm{CO}_2] = 0.11 \)
- \( [\mathrm{NO}_2] = 0.77 \)
- \( [\mathrm{CO}] = 0.77 \)