Chapter 13: Problem 35
The solubility of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) in water at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) is \(0.034 \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{L}\). What is its solubility under atmospheric conditions? (The partial pressure of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) in air is 0.0003 atm.) Assume that \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) obeys Henry's law.
Short Answer
Expert verified
The solubility is 0.0000102 mol/L.
Step by step solution
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Gas Solubility
Gas solubility refers to how much of a gas can dissolve in a liquid. Imagine you are trying to mix sugar in your tea; similarly, gases can mix or dissolve in water or other liquids. This property depends on several factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the gas and liquid.
When we talk about solubility in chemistry, we usually express it in terms of molarity, which is the number of moles of solute (in this case, a gas) per liter of solution. Understanding gas solubility is important because it affects many natural processes and industrial applications such as carbonated drinks, scuba diving, and the behavior of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
When we talk about solubility in chemistry, we usually express it in terms of molarity, which is the number of moles of solute (in this case, a gas) per liter of solution. Understanding gas solubility is important because it affects many natural processes and industrial applications such as carbonated drinks, scuba diving, and the behavior of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Partial Pressure
Partial pressure is the pressure that a gas in a mixture would exert if it were the only gas present. In a jug filled with different gases, each gas contributes to the total pressure. The partial pressure depends on the number of gas molecules and their kinetic energy.
In our exercise, we are calculating the solubility of carbon dioxide ( CO_2 ) under different atmospheric conditions. Carbon dioxide is one of many gases in the air we breathe. By knowing the partial pressure of CO_2 , we can apply principles like Henry's Law to determine how much of it will dissolve in water under those conditions.
In our exercise, we are calculating the solubility of carbon dioxide ( CO_2 ) under different atmospheric conditions. Carbon dioxide is one of many gases in the air we breathe. By knowing the partial pressure of CO_2 , we can apply principles like Henry's Law to determine how much of it will dissolve in water under those conditions.
CO2 Solubility
The solubility of
CO_2
in water is a specific example of gas solubility.
CO_2
is a common gas that we often encounter in carbonated beverages. When exposed to water, some of it will dissolve, creating carbonic acid which gives fizzy drinks their characteristic tangy taste.
The solubility is influenced by factors like temperature and the partial pressure of CO_2 above the liquid. As the partial pressure increases, CO_2 solubility in water also increases, following Henry's Law. This interaction is critical in understanding how climate change affects ocean acidity due to increased atmospheric CO_2 levels.
The solubility is influenced by factors like temperature and the partial pressure of CO_2 above the liquid. As the partial pressure increases, CO_2 solubility in water also increases, following Henry's Law. This interaction is critical in understanding how climate change affects ocean acidity due to increased atmospheric CO_2 levels.
Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction, creating a balanced state in a chemical reaction. In the context of
CO_2
dissolution, this means the rate at which
CO_2
molecules enter the water is equal to the rate at which they escape back into the air.
This balance ensures a steady solubility of CO_2 in a given condition, but it can be disturbed by changes in temperature or pressure. Understanding chemical equilibrium helps us grasp why, in the case of changes to atmospheric CO_2 levels, the ocean's chemistry may adjust differently over time.
This balance ensures a steady solubility of CO_2 in a given condition, but it can be disturbed by changes in temperature or pressure. Understanding chemical equilibrium helps us grasp why, in the case of changes to atmospheric CO_2 levels, the ocean's chemistry may adjust differently over time.
