Warning: foreach() argument must be of type array|object, bool given in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/template-parts/header/mobile-offcanvas.php on line 20

A 2.5-L flask at \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) contains a mixture of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\), \(\mathrm{He},\) and Ne at partial pressures of 0.32 atm for \(\mathrm{N}_{2}, 0.15\) atm for He, and 0.42 atm for Ne. (a) Calculate the total pressure of the mixture. (b) Calculate the volume in liters at STP occupied by He and Ne if the \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) is removed selectively.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Total pressure is 0.89 atm; volume of He and Ne at STP is approximately 1.39 L.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Partial Pressures

First, note the partial pressures of the individual gases present in the flask. - The partial pressure of \( \text{N}_2 \) is 0.32 atm.- The partial pressure of \( \text{He} \) is 0.15 atm.- The partial pressure of \( \text{Ne} \) is 0.42 atm.
02

Calculate Total Pressure

The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas present. Using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures: \[P_{\text{total}} = P_{\text{N}_2} + P_{\text{He}} + P_{\text{Ne}} \] Substitute in the known values: \[P_{\text{total}} = 0.32 \text{ atm} + 0.15 \text{ atm} + 0.42 \text{ atm} = 0.89 \text{ atm}\] Therefore, the total pressure is 0.89 atm.
03

Use Ideal Gas Law to Find the Volume of He and Ne at STP

To find the volume of \( \text{He} \) and \( \text{Ne} \) at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure: 0°C and 1 atm), we need the moles of these gases. First, compute the moles of He and Ne using the Ideal Gas Law. The formula is \( PV = nRT \), where \( R = 0.0821 \; \text{L atm K}^{-1} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \).Correct the temperature to Kelvin: \( T = 15 + 273 = 288 \; \text{K} \).
04

Calculate Moles of Helium (He)

Using the Ideal Gas Law: \\[ n_{\text{He}} = \frac{P_{\text{He}} \cdot V}{R \cdot T} \] \Substituting in the values, \( P_{\text{He}} = 0.15 \; \text{atm} \), \( V = 2.5 \; \text{L} \), \( R = 0.0821 \; \text{L atm K}^{-1} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \), and \( T = 288 \; \text{K} \): \\[ n_{\text{He}} = \frac{0.15 \times 2.5}{0.0821 \times 288} \approx 0.016 \; \text{mol} \]
05

Calculate Moles of Neon (Ne)

Using the Ideal Gas Law: \\[ n_{\text{Ne}} = \frac{P_{\text{Ne}} \cdot V}{R \cdot T} \] \Substituting in the values, \( P_{\text{Ne}} = 0.42 \; \text{atm} \): \\[ n_{\text{Ne}} = \frac{0.42 \times 2.5}{0.0821 \times 288} \approx 0.046 \; \text{mol} \]
06

Combine Moles of He and Ne

Sum the moles of \( \text{He} \) and \( \text{Ne} \): \\[ n_{\text{total}} = n_{\text{He}} + n_{\text{Ne}} = 0.016 + 0.046 = 0.062 \; \text{mol} \]
07

Calculate New Volume at STP

Using the Ideal Gas Law rearranged for \( V \) and with \( P = 1 \; \text{atm} \), \( T = 273 \; \text{K} \): \\[ V = \frac{n \cdot R \cdot T}{P} \] \Substitute in the moles \( n = 0.062 \; \text{mol} \) and solve: \\[ V = \frac{0.062 \cdot 0.0821 \cdot 273}{1} \approx 1.39 \; \text{L} \] \ Therefore, the volume at STP for \( \text{He} \) and \( \text{Ne} \) is approximately 1.39 L.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Ideal Gas Law
The Ideal Gas Law is one of the fundamental equations in chemistry that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. The formula is given by \( PV = nRT \), where:
  • \( P \) is the pressure of the gas in atmospheres (atm),
  • \( V \) is the volume of the gas in liters (L),
  • \( n \) is the number of moles of the gas,
  • \( R \) is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1), and
  • \( T \) is the temperature in Kelvin (K).
To convert Celsius to Kelvin, simply add 273. This law assumes that the gas behaves ideally, meaning the gas particles do not interact and the volume of the particles themselves is negligible compared to the container. Ideal Gas Law helps to determine the unknown quantity among pressure, volume, temperature, or moles when the other three are known.
Partial Pressure
Partial pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a single type of gas in a mixture of gases. According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of all individual gases in the mixture. Mathematically:\[P_{\text{total}} = P_1 + P_2 + P_3 + ...\]For example, in the given problem, the partial pressures are given for nitrogen (\(\text{N}_2\)), helium (\(\text{He}\)), and neon (\(\text{Ne}\)). By adding these partial pressures, you determine the total pressure in the flask. This concept is vital for understanding how gases interact in a mixture and is used in various applications such as respiratory science and chemical engineering.
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) is a reference point used in thermodynamics for the purpose of consistency in calculations involving gases. STP is defined as a temperature of 0°C (273 K) and a pressure of 1 atm. At STP, one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters. This uniform benchmark allows scientists and engineers to compare different gases under the same conditions, making calculations more straightforward. In gas-related calculations, values of temperature and pressure are often converted to align with STP for easier analysis and comparison.
Gas Mixture Calculations
Solving problems involving gas mixtures often requires a clear understanding of both Dalton's Law and the Ideal Gas Law. When a gas mixture is described, you might need to find the total pressure from individual pressures or determine other properties like volume or number of moles under various conditions. For the given exercise:
  • First, calculate the total pressure using the partial pressures of the gases involved using Dalton's Law.
  • Then, use the Ideal Gas Law to find the volume at STP by first calculating the moles of the gases in the mixture.
  • It involves understanding the effect of selectively removing components, and converting conditions to STP allows for standardization in calculations.
Gas mixture calculations help in industries such as atmospheric science, engineering, and pharmaceuticals by ensuring the right conditions are applied for reactions or in processes, like gas purifications or blends.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Helium atoms in a closed container at room temperature are constantly colliding with one another and with the walls of their container. Does this "perpetual motion" violate the law of conservation of energy? Explain.

The following procedure is a simple though somewhat crude way to measure the molar mass of a gas. A liquid of mass \(0.0184 \mathrm{~g}\) is introduced into a syringe like the one shown here by injection through the rubber tip using a hypodermic needle. The syringe is then transferred to a temperature bath heated to \(45^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) and the liquid vaporizes. The final volume of the vapor (measured by the outward movement of the plunger) is \(5.58 \mathrm{~mL},\) and the atmospheric pressure is \(760 \mathrm{mmHg}\). Given that the compound's empirical formula is \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\), determine the molar mass of the compound.

A compound has the empirical formula \(\mathrm{SF}_{4}\). At \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), \(0.100 \mathrm{~g}\) of the gaseous compound occupies a volume of \(22.1 \mathrm{~mL}\) and exerts a pressure of \(1.02 \mathrm{~atm} .\) What is the molecular formula of the gas?

The \({ }^{235} \mathrm{U}\) isotope undergoes fission when bombarded with neutrons. However, its natural abundance is only 0.72 percent. To separate it from the more abundant \({ }^{238} \mathrm{U}\) isotope, uranium is first converted to \(\mathrm{UF}_{6},\) which is easily vaporized above room temperature. The mixture of the \({ }^{235} \mathrm{UF}_{6}\) and \({ }^{238} \mathrm{UF}_{6}\) gases is then subjected to many stages of effusion. Calculate how much faster \({ }^{235} \mathrm{UF}_{6}\) effuses than \({ }^{238} \mathrm{UF}_{6}\)

The percent by mass of bicarbonate \(\left(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\right)\) in a certain Alka-Seltzer product is 32.5 percent. Calculate the volume of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) generated (in \(\mathrm{mL}\) ) at \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 1.00 atm when a person ingests a 3.29 -g tablet. (Hint: The reaction is between \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}\) acid in the stomach.)

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free