Problem 14
How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (i) Methyl benzoate (ii) \(m\) -Nitrobenzoic acid (iii) \(p\) -Nitrobenzoic acid (iv) Phenylacetic acid (v) \(p\) -Nitrobenzaldehyde.
Problem 16
Describe the following: (i) Acetylation (ii) Cannizzaro reaction (iii) Cross aldol condensation (iv) Decarboxylation
Problem 18
Give plausible explanation for each of the following: (i) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but \(2.2 .6\) -trimethylcyclohexanone does not. (ii) There are two \(-\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones. (iii) During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed.
Problem 19
An organic compound contains \(69.77 \%\) carbon, \(11.63 \%\) hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is \(86 .\) It does not reduce Tollens' reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the compound.
Problem 20
Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?
