Question

Write the expected electron configurations for each of the following atoms: Cl, Sb, Sr, W, Pb, Cf.

Short answer

The electron configurations for each atom are: 1. Cl: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5\) 2. Sb: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^3\) 3. Sr: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10}\) 4. W: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^4\) 5. Pb: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^2\) 6. Cf: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^6 7s^2 5f^{10}\)

Step-by-step solution

Identify the atomic numbers for each element

Use the periodic table to find the atomic number of each element, which represents the number of electrons in each atom. - Cl: 17 - Sb: 51 - Sr: 38 - W: 74 - Pb: 82 - Cf: 98

Write the electron configurations

By following the aufbau principle, we will write the electron configuration for each atom: 1. Chlorine (Cl, atomic number 17) \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5\] 2. Antimony (Sb, atomic number 51) \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^3\] 3. Strontium (Sr, atomic number 38) \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10}\] 4. Tungsten (W, atomic number 74) \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^4\] 5. Lead (Pb, atomic number 82) \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^2\] 6. Californium (Cf, atomic number 98) \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^6 7s^2 5f^{10}\]