Problem 73
Air bags are activated when a severe impact causes a steel ball to compress a spring and electrically ignite a detonator cap. This causes sodium azide \(\left(\mathrm{NaN}_{3}\right)\) to decompose explosively according to the following reaction: $$2 \mathrm{NaN}_{3}(s) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Na}(s)+3 \mathrm{N}_{2}(g)$$ What mass of \(\mathrm{NaN}_{3}(s)\) must be reacted to inflate an air bag to 70.0 \(\mathrm{L}\) at STP?
Problem 74
Concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions are explosively decomposed by traces of transition metal ions (such as \(\mathrm{Mn}\) or \(\mathbf{F} \mathrm{e}\)): $$2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)$$ What volume of pure \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g),\) collected at \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 746 torr, would be generated by decomposition of 125 \(\mathrm{g}\) of a 50.0\(\% \mathrm{by}\) mass hydrogen peroxide solution? Ignore any water vapor that may be present.
Problem 75
In 1897 the Swedish explorer Andreé tried to reach the North Pole in a balloon. The balloon was filled with hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas was prepared from iron splints and diluted sulfuric acid. The reaction is $$\mathrm{Fe}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{FeSO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)$$ The volume of the balloon was 4800 \(\mathrm{m}^{3}\) and the loss of hydrogen gas during filling was estimated at \(20 . \%\) . What mass of iron splints and 98\(\%\) (by mass) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) were needed to ensure the complete filling of the balloon? Assume a temperature of \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) a pressure of 1.0 atm during filling, and 100\(\%\) yield.
Problem 76
Sulfur trioxide, \(\mathrm{SO}_{3},\) is produced in enormous quantities each year for use in the synthesis of sulfuric acid. $$\mathrm{S}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)$$ $$2 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g)$$ What volume of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) at \(350 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and a pressure of 5.25 atm is needed to completely convert 5.00 \(\mathrm{g}\) sulfur to sulfur trioxide?
Problem 78
An important process for the production of acrylonitrile \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{N}\right)\) is given by the following equation: $$2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{N}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)$$ A 150 -L reactor is charged to the following partial pressures at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} :\) $$\begin{aligned} P_{\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H}_{6}} &=0.500 \mathrm{MPa} \\\ P_{\mathrm{NH}_{3}} &=0.800 \mathrm{MPa} \\ P_{\mathrm{O}_{2}} &=1.500 \mathrm{MPa} \end{aligned}$$ What mass of acrylonitrile can be produced from this mixture \(\left(\mathrm{MPa}=10^{6} \mathrm{Pa}\right) ?\)
Problem 81
Hydrogen cyanide is prepared commercially by the reaction of methane, \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g),\) ammonia, \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}(g),\) and oxygen, \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g),\) at high temperature. The other product is gaseous water. a. Write a chemical equation for the reaction. b. What volume of \(\mathrm{HCN}(g)\) can be obtained from the reaction of \(20.0 \mathrm{L} \mathrm{CH}_{4}(g), 20.0 \mathrm{L} \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g),\) and 20.0 \(\mathrm{L} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) ?\) The volumes of all gases are measured at the same temperature and pressure.
Problem 82
Ethene is converted to ethane by the reaction $$\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\stackrel{\text { Catalyst }}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)$$ \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\) flows into a catalytic reactor at 25.0 \(\mathrm{atm}\) and \(300.^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) with a flow rate of \(1000 . \mathrm{L} / \mathrm{min}\) . Hydrogen at 25.0 \(\mathrm{atm}\) and \(300 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) flows into the reactor at a flow rate of \(1500 . \mathrm{L} / \mathrm{min}\) . If 15.0 \(\mathrm{kg}\) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) is collected per minute, what is the percent yield of the reaction?
Problem 83
An unknown diatomic gas has a density of 3.164 g/L at STP. What is the identity of the gas?
Problem 86
Silicon tetrachloride \(\left(\mathrm{SiCl}_{4}\right)\) and trichlorosilane \(\left(\mathrm{SiHCl}_{3}\right)\) are both starting materials for the production of electronics-grade silicon. Calculate the densities of pure \(\mathrm{SiCl}_{4}\) and pure \(\mathrm{SiHCl}_{4}\) vapor at \(85^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 635 torr.
Problem 89
For scuba dives below 150 \(\mathrm{ft}\) , helium is often used to replace nitrogen in the scuba tank. If 15.2 \(\mathrm{g}\) of \(\mathrm{He}(g)\) and 30.6 \(\mathrm{g}\) of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) are added to a previously evacuated 5.00 \(\mathrm{L}\) tank at \(22^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) calculate the partial pressure of each gas present as well as the total pressure in the tank.
