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Chapter 1: Problem 115

Which of the following statements is(are) true? a. A spoonful of sugar is a mixture. b. Only elements are pure substances. c. Air is a mixture of gases. d. Gasoline is a pure substance. e. Compounds can be broken down only by chemical means.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct statements are: c. Air is a mixture of gases. e. Compounds can be broken down only by chemical means.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the terms

First, let's get familiar with the terms: 1. Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means. 2. Element: A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom. 3. Pure substance: A material with a constant composition, either an element or a compound. 4. Compound: A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine chemically.
02

Analyze each statement

Now, let's analyze each statement based on the definitions above: a. A spoonful of sugar is a mixture. - Sugar is a compound (sucrose) made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. A spoonful of sugar contains only sugar molecules, so it is not a mixture but a pure substance. b. Only elements are pure substances. - This statement is false because compounds are also pure substances, as they have a constant composition. c. Air is a mixture of gases. - Air is a combination of different gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, which are not chemically combined. So, it is a mixture. d. Gasoline is a pure substance. - Gasoline is a mixture of various hydrocarbon compounds, and its composition may vary. Thus, it is not a pure substance. e. Compounds can be broken down only by chemical means. - Compounds are formed when two or more different elements combine chemically. To separate these elements, a chemical reaction is needed. So, this statement is true.
03

Identify the correct statements

Based on the analysis in Step 2, we can identify the correct statements: c. Air is a mixture of gases. e. Compounds can be broken down only by chemical means. These are the true statements among the given options.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The properties of a mixture are typically averages of the properties of its components. The properties of a compound may differ dramatically from the properties of the elements that combine to produce the compound. For each process described below, state whether the material being discussed is most likely a mixture or a compound, and state whether the process is a chemical change or a physical change. a. An orange liquid is distilled, resulting in the collection of a yellow liquid and a red solid. b. A colorless, crystalline solid is decomposed, yielding a pale yellow-green gas and a soft, shiny metal. c. A cup of tea becomes sweeter as sugar is added to it.

Perform the following unit conversions. a. Congratulations! You and your spouse are the proud parents of a new baby, born while you are studying in a country that uses the metric system. The nurse has informed you that the baby weighs 3.91 kg and measures 51.4 cm. Convert your baby’s weight to pounds and ounces and her length to inches (rounded to the nearest quarter inch). b. The circumference of the earth is 25,000 mi at the equator. What is the circumference in kilometers? in meters? c. A rectangular solid measures 1.0 m by 5.6 cm by 2.1 dm. Express its volume in cubic meters, liters, cubic inches, and cubic feet.

Suppose a teaspoon of magnesium filings and a teaspoon of powdered sulfur are placed together in a metal beaker. Would this constitute a mixture or a pure substance? Suppose the magnesium filings and sulfur are heated so that they react with each other, forming magnesium sulfide. Would this still be a “mixture”? Why or why not?

A measurement is a quantitative observation involving both a number and a unit. What is a qualitative observation? What are the SI units for mass, length, and volume? What is the assumed uncertainty in a number (unless stated otherwise)? The uncertainty of a measurement depends on the precision of the measuring device. Explain.

Perform the following mathematical operations, and express the result to the correct number of significant figures. a. \(6.022 \times 10^{23} \times 1.05 \times 10^{2}\) b. \(\frac{6.6262 \times 10^{-34} \times 2.998 \times 10^{8}}{2.54 \times 10^{-9}}\) c. \(1.285 \times 10^{-2}+1.24 \times 10^{-3}+1.879 \times 10^{-1}\) d. \(\frac{(1.00866-1.00728)}{6.02205 \times 10^{23}}\) e. \(\frac{9.875 \times 10^{2}-9.795 \times 10^{2}}{9.875 \times 10^{2}} \times 100(100 \text { is exact) }\) f. \(\frac{9.42 \times 10^{2}+8.234 \times 10^{2}+1.625 \times 10^{3}}{3}(3 \text { is exact) }\)
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