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Chapter 18: Q1E (page 774)

Although the earth was formed from the same interstellar material as the sun, there is little hydrogen in the earth's atmosphere. How can you explain this?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Although the earth was formed from the same interstellar material as the sun, there is little hydrogen in the earth's atmosphere because as hydrogen is the lightest element, the gravity of the earth is incapable of holding hydrogen gas in the atmosphere.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of hydrogen

Water is created when oxygen and the odorless, colorless gas hydrogen mix. It is symbolized by the symbol and is the lightest known element.

02

Explanation for Earth having little hydrogen in the atmosphere

There is only a small amount of hydrogen gas in the Earth's atmosphere, it makes up less than one part per million.
This is because hydrogen gas is so light, most of it escaped from the lower atmosphere early in the Earth's history.
The gravity of the earth is not strong enough to keep in the atmosphere.

Therefore, the gravity of the earth is not strong enough to hold hydrogen.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (brine) is an important industrial process for the production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide. In fact, this process is the second largest consumer of electricity in the United States, after the production of aluminium. Write a balanced equation for the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (hydrogen gas is also produced).

While selenic acid has the formula $H_{2} {SeO}_{4}$ and thus is directly related to sulfuric acid, telluric acid is best visualized as $H_{6} {TeO}_{6} orTe {(OH)}_{6}$ .

(a) What is the oxidation state of tellurium in $Te {(OH)}_{6}$ ?

(b) Despite its structural differences with sulfuric and selenic acid, telluric acid is a diprotic acid with ${pK}_{a_{1}} = {7.68andpK}_{a_{2}} = 11.29$ . Telluric acid can be prepared by hydrolysis of tellurium hexafluoride according to the equation

${TeF}_{6} (g) + {6H}_{2} O (l) \to {Te(OH)}_{6} (a q) + 6HF (a q)$

Tellurium hexafluoride can be prepared by the reaction of elemental tellurium with fluorine gas:

$Te (s) + 3 F_{2} (g) \to {TeF}_{6} (g)$

If a cubic block of tellurium (density localid="1663782855001" $= 6.240 \frac{g}{{cm}^{3}}$ ) measuring $0.545cm$ on edge is allowed to react with $2.34L$ fluorine gas at $1.06atm$ and $25°C$ , what is the $pH$ of a solution of $Te {(OH)}_{6}$ formed by dissolving the isolated ${TeF}_{6} (g)$ in $115mL$ solution? Assume $100%$ yield in all reactions.

What is the valence electron configuration for the Group $3 A$ elements? How does metallic character change as one goes down this group? How are boron and aluminium different?

What evidence supports putting hydrogen in Group 1Aof the periodic table? In some periodic tables, hydrogen is listed separately from all of the groups. In what ways is hydrogen, unlike a Group 1A element?

Indium(III) phosphide is a semiconducting material that has been frequently used in lasers, light-emitting diodes (LED), and fiberoptic devices. This material can be synthesized at 900. K according to the following reaction:

$I n (C H 3) 3 (g) + 1 P H 3 (g) \to 88 n I n P (s) + 13 C H 4 (g)$

a. If 2.56 L In(CH3)3 at 2.00 atm is allowed to react with 1.38 L PH3 at 3.00 atm, what mass of InP(s) will be produced assuming the reaction is 87% efficient?

b. When an electric current is passed through an optoelectronic device containing InP, the light emitted has an energy of 2.03 3 10219 J. What is the wavelength of this light, and is it visible to the human eye?

c. The semiconducting properties of InP can be altered by doping. If a small number of phosphorus atoms are replaced by atoms with an electron configuration of [Kr]5s24d105p4, is this n-type or p-type doping?

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