Question

The element of Si, As, Ge, Al, Cd, S & Se are all used in the Manufacture of various semiconductors devices. Write the expected electronic configuration for these atoms.

Short answer

$$\begin{gathered} Si\left(14\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^2 \\ Ge\left(32\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^6,3d^{10,}4s^2,4p^2 \\ As\left(33\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^6,3d^{10,}4s^2,4p^3 \\ AI\left(13\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^1 \\ Cd\left(48\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^6,3d^{10}4s^2,4p^6,4d^{10},5s^2 \\ s\left(16\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^4 \end{gathered}$$

Step-by-step solution

Semiconductors Meaning:

There are small gap insulators and they can be compromised by dopping them with impurities that alter its electronic properties in a controllable way.

They are used in the manufacturing of various semiconductor devices likecomputer chips, transistors, solar cells etc.

The most common elements which used in semiconductors are Si, As, Ge, Al, Cd, S and Se.

Electronic configuration of atoms:

“The knowledge about the distribution of electrons in various energy shells, sub-shells and orbital in an atom in the ground state is known aselectronic configuration.”

Electronic Configuration of Si, As, Ge, Al, Cd, S, Se:

$$\begin{gathered} Si\left(14\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^2 \\ Ge\left(32\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^6,3d^{10,}4s^2,4p^2 \\ As\left(33\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^6,3d^{10,}4s^2,4p^3 \\ AI\left(13\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^1 \\ Cd\left(48\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^6,3d^{10}4s^2,4p^6,4d^{10},5s^2 \\ s\left(16\right)=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^4 \end{gathered}$$