Chapter 12: Q117 (page 497)
The electron affinity for sulfur is more exothermic than that for oxygen. How do you account for this?
The repulsive forces in oxygen are stronger than sulfur and therefore, the electron affinity for sulfur is more exothermic than the oxygen.
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The first four ionization energies for elements X and Y are shown below. The units are not kJ/mol.
X Y
First 170 200
Second 350 400
Third 1800 3500
Fourth 2500 5000
Identify the elements X and Y. There may be more than one answer, so explains completely.
Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation required to excite an electron from the ground state to the level within a one-dimensional boxin length.
Question: Consider the following waves representing electromagnetic radiation:
Which wave has the longer wavelength? Calculate the wavelength. Which wave has the higher frequency and larger photon energy? Calculate these values. Which wave has the greater velocity? What type of electromagnetic radiation does each wave represent?
Consider the following ionization energies for aluminium.
a. Account for the increasing trend in the values of the ionization energies.
b. Explain the large increase between .
c. Which one of the four ions has the greatest electron affinity? Explain.
d. List the four aluminium ions given in the preceding reactions in order of increasing size, and explain your ordering. (Hint: Remember that most of the size of an atom or ion is due to its electrons.)
In defining the sizes of orbitals, why must we use an arbitrary value, such as 90% of the probability of finding an electron in that region?
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