Question

Name the five structural isomers of ${\mathbf{\text{C}}}_{\mathbf{\text{6}}}{\mathbf{\text{H}}}_{\mathbf{\text{14}}}$.

Short answer

All five conceivable structural isomers are:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Step-by-step solution

Define structural isomers.

Structural isomers are those in which the atoms are organized in a different order but have the same molecular formula.

According to the IUPAC, structural isomerism is also known as constitutional isomerism. In contrast to stereoisomerism, it is a type of isomerism in which molecules with the same chemical formula have various ordering and bondings.

Step 2: Draw the first possible isomer.

Here, it is the simplest longest chain of 6 carbons possible.

The structure is hexane whichcontains6 carbonatomsand by the root name hex.

FIRST ISOMER

Step 3: Draw the second possible isomer.

2-Methyl- pentane, whose root term "pent" means "five carbons," is the second possible longest carbon chain for the given compound.

In this structural chain, a methyl group is added to bind with the chain's second carbon atom.

SECOND ISOMER

Step 4: Draw the third possible isomer.

Here, the structural chain length is of five carbons.

The name of the structure is 2,2-Methyl-pentane.

The root name "pent," because of the longest carbon chain composed of five carbons.

A methyl group is bonded with the third carbon atom in the chain.

THIRD ISOMER

Step 5: Draw the fourth possible isomer.

Here, the structural chain length is of four carbons.

The name is 2-3-Dimethyl- butane. Since here the longest carbon chain is made up of four carbons.

The other two methyl groups are added to the second and third carbon atom.

FOURTH ISOMER

Step 6: Draw the fifth possible isomer.

Here also, the structural chain length is of four carbons.

The name is 2,2-dimethyl butane, by the root name "but".

The other two methyl groups are added to bond only with the second carbon atom.

FIFTH ISOMER