Question

Identify each of the following compounds as a carboxylic acid, ester, ketone, aldehyde, or amine.

a. anthraquinone, an important starting material in the manufacture of dyes:

b.

c.

d.

Short answer

1. The compound given is ketone.
2. The compound given is aldehyde.
3. The compound given is carboxylic acid.
4. The compound given is amine.

Step-by-step solution

Subpart (a) Identification of the given compound.

Two carbonyl groups as functional groups, more precisely, oxygen atom constrained by a double bond to carbon atom and they as a group are bonded to two additional carbon atoms, are seen in the above chemical structure, indicating that this molecule is ketone.

Subpart (b) Identification of the given compound.

By observing at the molecular structure, one carbonyl group is seen as a functional group, more exactly, an oxygen atom joined by a double bond to a carbon atom, and they are attached to one hydrogen and one carbon atom as a group, indicating that this chemical is an aldehyde.

Subpart (c) Identification of the given compound.

One carbonyl group is a functional group in the provided molecular structure, more precisely, an oxygen atom joined by a double bond to a carbon atom, and they are attached to one hydroxyl and one carbon atom as a group, indicating that this chemical is a carboxylic acid.

Subpart (d) Identification of the given compound.

By looking at the molecular structure, one $\text{N-H}$group is visible as a functional group; more specifically, the $\text{N-H}$group is delimited by two carbon atoms, one from each chain, indicating that this chemical is a secondary amine.