Question

Name each of the following organic compounds.

Short answer

a. Heptanal

b. 3 -ethyl-5-methythexanal.

c. Hexan-3-one

d. 5 -Methylhexan-3-one

e. 3,4 -Dimethythexanoic acid

Step-by-step solution

Rules for naming organic compound

Aldehydes and ketones are organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group.

Characteristic suffix for aldehydes is -al, and for ketones is -one.

Both aldehydes and ketones take their name from their parent alkane chains. The ending -e is removed and replaced with -al/-one.

Heptanal organic compound

(a)

The base name for this aldehyde is heptane.

The name of an aldehyde is obtained by replacing the ending -e with the suffix -al.

Hence, the above organic compound is heptanal.

3 -ethyl-5-methythexanal organic compound

(b)

The name of the alkane that is the base for a given aldehyde is hexane. It contains two substituents, ethyl and methyl at positions${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{andC}}_{\text{5}}$.

The final name of the given aldehyde is 3 -ethyl-5-methylhexanal.

Hence, the above organic compound is 3 -ethyl-5-methythexanal.

hexan-3-one organic compound

(c)

The base name for this ketone is hexane.

The name of the ketone is obtained by replacing the ending -e with the suffix -one.

5 -methylhexan-3-one organic compound

(d)

The name of the alkane that is the base for a given ketone is hexane. It contains two methyl substituents at positions ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{andC}}_{\text{5}}$.

The final name of the given aldehyde is 5 -methythexan- 3 -one.

Hence, the above organic compound is 5 -methylhexan-3-one

3,4 -dimethythexanoic acid organic compound

(e)

This compound does not belong to aldehydes and ketones as it does not contain a carbonyl group but a carboxyl group.

Carboxylic acids have the suffix -oic acid.

The name of the alkane that is the base for a given carboxylic acid is hexane. This compound contains two methyl groups at positions ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{andC}}_{\text{4}}$

Therefore, the name of this compound is 3,4 -dimethylhexanoic acid.

Hence, the above organic compound is 3,4 -dimethythexanoic acid.