Question

Draw the structural formula for each of the following.

a. formaldehyde (methanal)

b. 4-heptanone

c. 3-chlorobutanal

d. 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone

Short answer

a.

b.

c.

d.

Step-by-step solution

Structure of compound a:

(a)

The given compound name is "-methanol(formaldehyde)"

Observing the given name;

Root word "meth", indicates that the molecular diagram of this compound has one carbon atom in its root chain,

Since "an" is considered as suffix of the root name and one can conclude that this chain has just C-H bonds,

Second suffix "al" is aldehyde group which indicates that there shall be oxygen atom (O) connected by double bond with carbon atom,

Therefore, the molecular diagram of the given compound is presented below:

Structure of compound b:

(b)

The given compound name is "4-heptanone"

Observing the given name.

The root word “hept", indicates that the molecular diagram of this compound has seven carbon atoms in its root chain,

Since "an" is considered as suffix of the root name, and one can conclude that this chain has $C-CandC-H$ bonds,

Secondly suffix"-one" is ketone group which indicates that there shall be an oxygen atom(O) connected by double bond with fourth carbon atom,

Therefore, the molecular diagram of the given compound is presented below:

Structure of compound c:

(c)

The given compound name is "3-chlorobutanal"

Observing the given name;

The root "but", indicates that the molecular diagram of this compound has four carbon atoms in its root chain,

Since "an" is considered as suffix of the root name and one can conclude that this chain will has $C-CandC-H$bonds,

Second suffix "al" is aldehyde group which indicates that there shall be oxygen atom(O) connected by double bond with carbon atom,

Prefix,"3-chloro" indicates that a chlorine atom shall be attached to the third carbon atom. Therefore, the molecular diagram of the given compound is presented below:

Structure of compound d:

(d)

The given compound name is "5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone"

Observing the given name;

The root "hex", indicates that the molecular diagram of this compound have six carbon atoms in its root chain,

Since "an" as suffix of the root name one can conclude that this chain will has C-C and C-H bonds,

Second suffix "one" is is considered ketone group which indicates that there shall be oxygen atom (O) connected by double bond with second carbon atom, -prefix, "5,5-dimethyl" indicates that two methyl groups shall be attached to the fifth carbon atom.

Therefore, the molecular diagram of the given compound is presented below: