Question

Minoxidilis a compound produced by the Pharmacia \& Upjohn Company that has been approved as a treatment for some types of male pattern baldness.

a. Would minoxidil be more soluble in acidic or basic aqueous solution? Explain.

b. Give the hybridization of the five nitrogen atoms in minoxidil.

c. Give the hybridization of each of the nine carbon atoms in minoxidil.

d. Give approximate values for the bond angles marked a, b, c, d, e, and f.

e. Including all the hydrogen atoms, how many bonds exist in minoxidil?

f. How many bonds exist in minoxidil?

Short answer

(a) Minoxidil is more soluble in acidic.

(b)

(c)

(d) a. 109,5^ob.109,5^oc. 120⁰ d. 120⁰ e. 109,5⁰ f. 120⁰

(e) There are 30 $\sigma$bonds in the given molecule

(f) There are three$\pi$ bonds.

Step-by-step solution

Subpart (a) Minoxidil be more soluble in acidic or basic aqueous solution.

There are a few nitrogens in the structure of minoxidil that have an unpaired electron pair; these nitrogens can be protonated and transformed into ammonium salts.

Amines create their equivalent ammonium ions in dilute aqueous acid.

Ammonium salts are particularly water soluble.

Subpart (b) The hybridization of the five nitrogen atoms in minoxidil.

Following these steps is the simplest technique to detect an atom's hybridization in a molecule:

(1) Count how many atoms are connected to the chosen atom

(2) Count how many lone pairs are associated to it

(3) Add these two values together:

- if the sum is equal to 4, the chosen atom is sp³

- if the sum is equal to 3, the chosen atom is sp²

- if the sum is equal to 2, the chosen atom is sp

Subpart (c) The hybridization of each of the nine carbon atoms in minoxidil.

Following these steps is the simplest technique to detect an atom's hybridization in a molecule:

(1) Count how many atoms are connected to the chosen atom

(2) Count how many lone pairs are associated to it

(3) Add these two values together:

- if the sum is equal to 4, the chosen atom is sp³

- if the sum is equal to 3, the chosen atom is sp²

- if the sum is equal to 2, the chosen atom is sp

Subpart (d) The approximate values for the bond angles marked a, b, c, d, e and f.

To obtain approximate values for the specified bond angles market a, b, c, d, e, and f, use the following formula:

The "sp" of the atom whose angle bond we need to specify should be determined.

In the preceding cases b and c, the sp of every "C" and "N " atom of the structure was calculated.

Conclude that:

-approximate value of the "a" bond angle will be since its atom hybridization issp³

-approximate value of the " b " bond angle will be since its atom hybridization is sp³

-approximate value of the "c" bond angle will be since its atom hybridization is sp²

-approximate value of the "d" bond angle will be since its atom hybridization is sp²

-approximate value of the "e" bond angle will be since its atom hybridization is sp³

-approximate value of the " f " bond angle will be since its atom hybridization is sp²

(Subpart e) The number of  bonds exist in minoxidil.

The$\sigma$sigma bond is made up of two electrons that are shared and shown in one line.

As illustrated in the molecular structure representation below, the given molecule "minoxidil" has thirty $\sigma$bonds:

Subpart (f) The number of  bonds exist in minoxidil.

Every double bond will consist of one$\sigma$bond and one bond.

Therefore, the "minoxidil" consists of three $\pi$bond, as shown below in its molecular structural presentation: