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Chapter 16: Q82E (page 704)

Describe what is meant by dynamic equilibrium in terms of the vapor pressure of a liquid.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Equilibrium: There is no change in composition; the vapor pressure is constant.

Dynamic: Two processes at which vapor to liquid and liquid to vapor both occur, but they both have equal rates, so the composition of the vapor present is constant.

When a liquid is in dynamic equilibrium, the rates at which evaporation is taking place and the rate at condensation is taking place are equal to each other. These processes never cease. Hence, it is known as dynamic.

Step by step solution

01

Vapor pressure

The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exhibited by the liquid when it is in equilibrium with its vapor in a closed vessel.

02

Equilibrium

Two processes at which vapor to liquid and liquid to vapor both occur, but they both have equal rates, so the composition of the vapor present is constant.

When a liquid is in dynamic equilibrium, the rates at which evaporation is taking place and the rate at condensation is taking place are equal to each other. These processes never cease. Hence, it is known as dynamic.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A $20.0 - g$ sample of ice at $- 10 . 0^{o} C$ is mixed with $100.0 g$ of water at $80 . 0^{o} C$ . Calculate the final temperature of the mixture assuming no heat loss to the surroundings. The heat capacities of $H_{2} O (s)$ and $H_{2} O (l)$ are $2.08 {Jg}^{- 1} {}^{o}C^{- 1}$ and $4.18 {Jg}^{- 1} {}^{o}C^{- 1}$ respectively, and the enthalpy of fusion for ice is $6.01 kJ / mol$ .

Hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂is a syrupy liquid with a relatively low vapor pressure and a normal boiling point of 152.2^oC. Rationalize the differences between these physical properties and those of water.

The compounds ${Na}_{2} O, CdS, and {ZrI}_{4}$ all can be describedas cubic closest packed anions with the cations in tetrahedral holes. What fraction of the tetrahedral holes are occupied for each case?

In each of the following groups of substances, pick the one that has the given property. Justify each answer.

a. highest boiling point: CCI₄, CF₄, CBr₄

b. lowest freezing point: LiF, F₂, HCI

c. lowest vapor pressure at 25^oC : CH₃OCH₃, CH₃CH₂OH, CH₃CH₂CH₃

d. greatest viscosity: H₂S, HF, or H₂O₂

e. greatest heat of vaporization: H₂CO, CH₃CH₃, CH₄

f. smallest enthalpy of fusion: I₂, CsBr, or CaO.

You have three covalent compounds with three very different boiling points. All of the compounds have similar molar mass and relative shape. Explain how these three compounds could have very different boiling points.

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