Question

Define each of the following.

a. evaporation e. melting

b. condensation f. enthalpy of

vaporization

c. sublimation g. enthalpy of fusion

d. boiling h. heating curve

Short answer

a)Evaporation: Evaporation is the process in which liquid molecules escape from the liquid's surface to form its vapor.

b)Condensation: Condensation is the process in which gas molecules hit the surface of a liquid and convert it into a liquid.

c)Sublimation: Sublimation is the process where a solid converts directly to a gas without becoming a liquid state.

d) Boiling: Boiling is the temperature and pressure at which a liquid completely converts to a gas as long as heat is applied.

e)Melting: The interconversion of the phase of solid to liquid is called melting. For all the solids, it occurs at a specific temperature.

f)Enthalpy of vaporization (∆H): the enthalpy of vaporization is known as change that occurs at the boiling point when a liquid converts into a gas.

g)Enthalpy of fusion (∆H): The enthalpy of fusion is a known change that occurs at the melting point when a solid is converted into a liquid.

h) Heating curve: a plot of temperature versus time as heat is applied at a constant rate to some substance.

i) Heating curve: The heating curve is a plot of temperature versus time as heat is applied at a constant rate to some substance.

Step-by-step solution

Intermolecular force

Intramolecular forces are well-known forces which work between the molecules as they hold atoms of the molecule together within a molecule.Intermolecular forces exist between molecules of any compound, such as water molecules.

The quantities mentioned mainly depend upon the type of intermolecular forces between the molecules.

Step-2 Types of intermolecular forces

There are mainly four types of intermolecular forces present.

1. London depression force

2. Dipole-Dipole force

3. Hydrogen bonding

4. Ion-Dipole force

Explanation

a)Evaporation: Evaporation is the process in which liquid molecules escape from the liquid's surface to form its vapor.

b)Condensation: Condensation is the process in which gas molecules hit the surface of a liquid and convert it into a liquid.

c)Sublimation: Sublimation is the process where a solid converts directly to a gas without becoming a liquid state.

d) Boiling: Boiling is known as the temperature and pressure at which a liquid completely converts to a gas as long as heat is applied.

e)Melting: The interconversion of the phase of solid to liquid is called melting. For all the solids, it occurs at a specific temperature.

f)Enthalpy of vaporization (∆H): the enthalpy of vaporization is known as change that occurs at the boiling point when a liquid converts into a gas.

g)Enthalpy of fusion (∆H): The enthalpy of fusion is a known change that occurs at the melting point when a solid is converted into a liquid.

h) Heating curve: a plot of temperature versus time as heat is applied at a constant rate to some substance.

i) Heating curve: The heating curve is a plot of temperature versus time as heat is applied at a constant rate to some substance.