Chapter 16: Q37 E (page 704)
Will a crystalline solid or an amorphous solid give a simpler X - ray diffraction pattern? Why?
A crystalline solid will give a simpler X - ray diffraction pattern.
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How could you tell experimentally if TiO2 is an ionic solid or a network solid?
What is closest packing? What is the difference between hexagonal closest packing and cubic closest packing? What is the unit cell for each closest packing arrangement?
The memory metal, nitinol, is an alloy of nickel and titanium. It is called a memory metal because after being deformed, a piece of nitinol wire will return to its original shape. (See Chemmatters, October 1993, pp. 4–7.) The structure of nitinol consists of a simple cubic arrayof Ni atoms and an inner penetrating simple cubic array of Ti atoms. In the extended lattice, a Ti atom is foundat the center of a cube of Ni atoms; the reverse is also true.
a. Describe the unit cell for nitinol.
b. What is the empirical formula of nitinol?
c. What are the coordination numbers (number of nearest neighbors) of Ni and Ti in nitinol?
Materials containing the elements Y, Ba, Cu, and O that are superconductors (electrical resistance equals zero) at temperatures above that of liquid nitrogen were recently discovered. The structures of these materials are based on the perovskite structure. Were they to have the ideal perovskite structure, the superconductors would have thestructure shown in part (a) of the accompanying figure.
a. What is the formula of this ideal perovskite material?
b. How is this structure related to the perovskite structure discussed in Exercise 78? These materials, however, do not act as superconductors unless they are deficient in oxygen. The structure of theactual superconducting phase appears to be that shown in part (b) of the figure.
c. What is the formula of this material?
Diethyl ether ( ) was one of the first chemicals used as an anesthetic. At , diethyl ether has a vapor pressure of 760torr, and atit has a vapor pressure of 400. torr. What is the ∆H of vaporization for diethyl ether?
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