Question

Why do we hybridize atomic orbitals to explain the bonding in covalent compounds? What type of bonds form from the hybrid orbitals, σ or π? Explain.

Short answer

The hybridization of atomic orbitals takes place as hybrid orbitals are more directional in nature due to which they overlap better while forming bonds and the bonds formed are stronger in nature.

Step-by-step solution

– Hybridization

Hybridization is the mixing of pure atomic orbitals to of nearly same energy to give hybrid orbitals. The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of pure atomic orbitals combined.

The hybridization of atomic orbitals takes place as hybrid orbitals are more directional in nature due to which they overlap better while forming bonds and the bonds formed are stronger in nature.

– Sigma and pi bonds

$\pi$bonds are formed due to side by side overlapping between unhybridized p or d orbitals. Hybrid orbitals form σ bonds.