Question

Without using Fig. 13.3 , predict the order of increasing electronegativity in each of the following groups of elements.

(a) $\mathit{C}\mathbf{,}\mathit{N}\mathbf{,}\mathit{O}$

(b) $\mathit{S}\mathbf{.}\mathit{S}\mathit{e}\mathbf{,}\mathit{C}\mathit{l}$

(c) $\mathit{S}\mathit{i}\mathbf{,}\mathit{G}\mathit{e}\mathbf{,}\mathit{S}\mathit{n}$

(d) $\mathit{T}\mathit{l}\mathbf{,}\mathit{S}\mathbf{,}\mathit{G}\mathit{e}$

(e)$\mathit{N}\mathit{a}\mathbf{,}\mathit{K}\mathbf{,}\mathit{R}\mathit{b}$

(f)$\mathit{B}\mathbf{,}\mathit{O}\mathbf{,}\mathit{G}\mathit{a}$

Short answer

Answer:

(a) $C\mathit{<}N\mathit{<}O$

(b)$Se\mathit{<}S\mathit{<}Cl$

(c) $Sn\mathit{<}Ge\mathit{<}Si$

(d) $\mathrm{Tl}<\mathrm{Ge}<\mathrm{S}$

(e) $Rb\mathit{<}K\mathit{<}Na$

(f)$Ga\mathit{<}B\mathit{<}O$

Step-by-step solution

Discuss the threat of electro negativity in the periodic table:

Electronegativity generallyincreases in a periodwhereas it generally decreases down the group.

Apply this concept to predict the electro negativities:

(a)$C\mathit{,}N\mathit{,}O$ belong to the same period and electronegativityincreases in a period. So, the order will be $C\mathit{<}N\mathit{<}O$.

(b)$S\mathit{.}Se$belong to the same group and electronegativity decreases down the group. $S\mathit{,}Cl$belongs to the same period where electro negativity increases. So, the order will be $Se\mathit{<}S\mathit{<}Cl$.

(c)$Si\mathit{,}Ge\mathit{,}Sn$ belongs to a group and electronegativity decreases down the group.So, the order will be $Sn\mathit{<}Ge\mathit{<}Si$.

(d)Tl belongs to the group 13. Ge belongs to the group 14. S belongs to the group 16 . Electronegativity increases in a period while it decreases down the group.

So, the order will be $Tl\mathit{<}Ge\mathit{<}S$.

(e) $Na\mathit{,}K\mathit{,}Rb$ belongs to a group 1 and electronegativity decreases down the group.So, the order will be $Rb\mathit{<}K\mathit{<}Na$.

(f)B, and Ga belong to the group while oxygen belongs to the group 16. So, the order will be $Ga\mathit{<}B\mathit{<}O$.