Question

What do each of the following sets of compounds/ions have in common with each other? Reference your Lewis

structures for Exercises 96, 99, and 100.

a. XeCl₄, XeCl₂

b. ICl₅, TeF₄, ICl₃, PCl₃, SCl₂, SeO₂

Short answer

a)From the Lewis structure of the compounds XeCl₄, XeCl₂, we get that these compounds share many common physical and chemical properties and they are listed below.

• Both XeCl₄ and XeCl₂ are made up of two physically and chemically similar atoms Xenon and chlorine.
• In both cases, the oxidation state of chlorine is -1but Xenon have variable oxidation of +4 and +2.
• Both of them are symmetrical, they have the regular distribution of charges throughout the compound, but their symmetry is different from each other,XeCl₄have tetrahedral symmetry and XeCl₂ have linear symmetry.
• Both XeCl₄and XeCl₂ do hnot have any dipole moment because of their symmetrical behaviour; they are non-polar.
• Both XeCl₄ and XeCl₂ do have lone pairs around them.
• Both of them are covalently formed by sharing of electrons.
• b. From the lewis structure of the compounds ICl₅, TeF₄, ICl₃, PCl₃, SCl₂, SeO_2,we get that these compounds share many common physical and chemical properties and they are listed below.
  
  • All the compounds contain one electronegative element.
  • All the compounds contain lone pairs in their structure.
  • All the given molecules do have polar nature and they all contain dipole moments due to the presence of a polar bond between them.
  • They all are asymmetrical, they do not contain the regular distribution of charge in their compounds.
  • All of the compounds formed are covalent and formed by sharing of electrons.

Step-by-step solution

Step-1 Definition of lewis structure

Lewis structure in other words is also known as dot structure.

Lewis structure is a known diagram that shows the bondings that are present between atoms and molecules and the lone pairs of electrons that are present on molecules.

We generally use lewis symbols to draw the lewis structure of the compounds. These symbols give a lot of information about the covalent bonds. It also helps in finding the oxidation state, lone pairs electrons etc of the compounds.

For example,PCl₃

In this phosphorus have a +3 oxidation number and Cl have a -1 oxidation number.

Step-2 Explanation of lewis structure with example

Lewis's structure mainly works on the octet rule, which states that in Lewis's structure any atom contains 8 atoms in their outermost valence shell.

For example, an Oxygen atom contains six electrons in its outermost shell and in lewis structure these electrons are represented as dots and it shows that it has two lone pair electrons and two single electrons.