Problem 1
Defining features. Identify three characteristics that differentiate eukaryotic transcription from bacterial transcription.
Problem 2
Three of a kind. Differentiate among the three types of eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
Problem 3
Promoting for two. Describe the major features of a promoter for RNA polymerase II.
Problem 4
Distinguishing characteristic. What structural feature of RNA polymerase II distinguishes it from RNA polymerases I and III?
Problem 5
Different sides of a bond? Explain the difference between cis-acting and trans-acting elements.
Problem 7
Listening to its world. Why are promoters for RNA polymerase II necessarily more complex than promoters for RNA polymerases I and III?
Problem 8
Making noncombustible matches. Pair the properties with the appropriate RNA polymerase. (a) RNA polymerase I _________ (b) RNA polymerase II __________ (c) RNA polymerase III ___________ 1\. Synthesizes mRNA precursors 2\. Insensitive to \(\alpha\) -amanitin 3\. Synthesizes tRNA 4\. Located in the nucleoplasm 5\. Contains a carboxylterminal domain 6\. Located in the nucleolus 7\. TATA is a promoter sequence 8\. Very sensitive to \(\alpha\) -amanitin 9\. Synthesized rRNA 10\. Moderately sensitive to \(\alpha\) -amanitin
Problem 10
Leaving the station. What is the functional consequence of phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II?
Problem 11
Bubble translation. The lengths of the RNA-DNA hybrid and of the unwound region of DNA stay rather constant as RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template. What does this finding show about the rate of unwinding and rewinding of the DNA in the course of transcription?
Problem 12
Like Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort. Match each term with its description, (a) Transcription factor ________ (b) Enhancer _________ (c) Mediator _______________ (d) Combinatorial control ______________ (e) Zinc-finger domain ____________ (f) Coactivator _________ (g) Selective estrogenreceptor modulator ______________ (h) Histone acetyltransferase __________________ (i) Acetyllysine-binding domain ___________ (j) Chromatin-remodeling engine ____________ 1\. Depends on ATPcitrate lyase for its substrate 2\. Acts as a bridge between transcription factors and RNA polymerase II 3\. Based on the fact that the regulatory properties of a protein depend on what other proteins are present 4\. Facilitates estrogenreceptor action 5\. Binds to cis-acting elements 6\. Bromodomain 7\. Shifts the location of nucleosomes 8\. Tamoxifen 9\. DNA-binding domain in some proteins 10\. Cis-acting element that may be far from the gene regulated
