Problem 4
How many high-phosphoryl-transfer- the potential molecules are required to synthesize phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine and diacylglycerol? Assume that the ethanolamine is the activated component.
Problem 5
Differentiate among sphingomyelin, a cerebroside, and a ganglioside.
Problem 6
Match each term with its description. (a) Phosphatidate (b) Triacylglycerol (c) Phospholipid (d) Sphingolipid (e) Cerebroside (f) Ganglioside (g) Cholesterol (h) Mevalonate (i) Lipoprotein particle (j) Steroid hormone 1\. Glycerol-based membrane lipid 2\. Product of the committed step in cholesterol synthesis 3\. Ceramide with either glucose or galactose attached 4\. Storage form of fatty acids 5\. Squalene is a precursor to this molecule 6\. Transports cholesterol and lipids 7\. Derived from cholesterol 8\. Precursor to both phospholipids and triacylglycerols 9\. Formed from ceramide by the attachment of phosphocholine 10\. Ceramide with multiple carbohydrates attached
Problem 7
What is the activated reactant in each of the following biosyntheses? (a) Phosphatidylinositol from inositol (b) Phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine (c) Ceramide from sphingosine (d) Sphingomyelin from ceramide (e) Cerebroside from ceramide (f) Farnesyl pyrophosphate from geranyl pyrophosphate
Problem 9
What enzyme plays the key role in the regulation of lipid synthesis, and how is the regulation manifested?
Problem 11
What would be the effect of a mutation that increased the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase?
Problem 14
What is familial hypercholesterolemia, and what are its causes?
Problem 16
What are statins? What is their pharmacological function?
Problem 17
Would the development of a "super statin" that inhibited all HMG-CoA reductase activity be a useful drug? Explain.
Problem 18
What are the five major classes of steroid hormones?
