Problem 1
Define the following terms: polysaccharide, furanose, pyranose, aldose, ketose, glycosidic bond, oligosaccharide, glycoprotein.
Problem 2
Name which, if any, of the following are epimers of D-glucose: D-mannose, D-galactose, D-ribose.
Problem 3
Name which, if any, of the following groups are not aldoseketose pairs: D-ribose and D-ribulose, D-glucose and D-fructose, D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.
Problem 4
What is the difference between an enantiomer and a d-iastereomer?
Problem 7
How many chiral centers are there in the open-chain form of glucose? In the cyclic form?
Problem 12
How does the cyclization of sugars introduce a new chiral center?
Problem 19
Define the term reducing sugar
Problem 22
Draw a Haworth projection for the disaccharide gentibiose, given the following information: (a) It is a dimer of glucose. (b) The glycosidic linkage is \(\beta(1 \rightarrow 6)\) (c) The anomeric carbon not involved in the glycosidic linkage is in the \(\alpha\) configuration.
Problem 23
What is the metabolic basis for the observation that many adults cannot ingest large quantities of milk without developing gastric difficulties?
Problem 24
Draw Haworth projection formulas for dimers of glucose with the following types of glycosidic linkages: (a) \(A \beta(1 \rightarrow 4)\) linkage (both molecules of glucose in the \(\beta\) form) (b) \(\operatorname{An} \alpha, \alpha(1 \rightarrow 1)\) linkage (c) \(\mathrm{A} \beta(1 \rightarrow 6)\) linkage (both molecules of glucose in the \(\beta\) form)
